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==What is Manganese?==

==What is Manganese?==

Manganese does not occur naturally as a free element, but is often found in combination with iron and in many minerals. It is one of a group of metals or minerals that are essential nutrients in dogs and cats. It only occurs in very small amounts in animal tissues; it is referred to as a trace element because the requirement for this mineral is relatively small.     

Manganese does not occur naturally as a free element, but is often found in combination with [[Iron - Nutrition|iron]] and in many minerals. It is one of a group of metals or minerals that are '''essential nutrients''' in dogs and cats. It only occurs in very small amounts in animal tissues; it is referred to as a '''trace element''' because the requirement for this mineral is relatively small.     

==Why is it Important?==

==Why is it Important?==

Manganese is an essential component of certain metalloenzymes, and as an activator of many other enzymes that are required for normal metabolic function.

Manganese is an '''essential component of certain metalloenzymes''', and as an activator of many other enzymes that are required for normal metabolic function.

==Roles in the Body==

==Roles in the Body==

==Toxicity==

==Toxicity==

===Dog and Cat:===   

===Dog and Cat:===   

There is no information on the effects of excess manganese in dogs or cats. It is considered to be one of the least toxic of the trace elements and from investigations in other mammals a maximum tolerable dietary content of around 1000 mg/kg of food on a dry matter basis is assumed<ref name="NRC"/>.

There is no information on the effects of excess manganese in dogs or cats. It is considered to be '''one of the least toxic of the trace elements''' and from investigations in other mammals a maximum tolerable dietary content of around 1000 mg/kg of food on a dry matter basis is assumed<ref name="NRC"/>.

==Dietary Sources==

==Dietary Sources==

Manganese in dog and cat foods is found in a number of ingredients, in particular cereal grains and animal raw materials. Supplemental sources of manganese are often added to manufactured pet foods as tinorganic salts such as sulphate, chloride and carbonate.

Manganese in dog and cat foods is found in a number of ingredients, in particular cereal grains and animal raw materials. Supplemental sources of manganese are often added to manufactured pet foods as tinorganic salts such as sulphate, [[Chloride - Nutrition|chloride]] and carbonate.

==References==

==References==