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| The gizzard is also referred to as the muscular stomach. It is connected by the isthmus to the [[The Proventriculus - Anatomy & Physiology|proventriculus]] and to the duodenum. | | The gizzard is also referred to as the muscular stomach. It is connected by the isthmus to the [[The Proventriculus - Anatomy & Physiology|proventriculus]] and to the duodenum. |
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| ==Structure and Function== | | ==Structure and Function== |
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| *Mechanical reduction of tougher material through powerful muscular development | | *Mechanical reduction of tougher material through powerful muscular development |
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− | *Contacts the liver | + | *Cranial to the liver and spleen (contacts the liver) |
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| *Contacts the sternum and lower left abdominal wall | | *Contacts the sternum and lower left abdominal wall |
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| + | *Dorsally the abdominal air sacs separate it from the intestines and gonads |
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| + | *Duodenum and pancreas lies in its caudal right surface |
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| *More caudal than the [[The Proventriculus - Anatomy & Physiology|proventriculus]] | | *More caudal than the [[The Proventriculus - Anatomy & Physiology|proventriculus]] |
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| *In seed eating birds grit is digested to increase grinding down of food particles | | *In seed eating birds grit is digested to increase grinding down of food particles |
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| + | *Surface covered by glistening tendonous layer |
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| + | *The cranial and caudal extremities are formed by powerful red muscular tissue |
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| + | *A circular aponeurosis is present connecting the cranial end of the gizzard to the isthmus and the caudal end to the duodenum |
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| *Thin, but tough mucous membrane | | *Thin, but tough mucous membrane |
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| + | *Pale, thin lining raised into ridges |
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| + | *3 layers of lamina muscularis |
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| *Cuboidal epithelium | | *Cuboidal epithelium |
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| *No gizzard in stringiformes (owls etc.) | | *No gizzard in stringiformes (owls etc.) |
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| + | *No gizzard in gulls |
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