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Pancreas - Anatomy & Physiology (view source)
Revision as of 18:45, 18 July 2008
, 18:45, 18 July 2008→Species Differences
===Carnivore===
===Carnivore===
*Portal vein runs between the left and right lobes.
*Clearly distinguishable as a body and left and right lobes.
*Portal vein runs dorsally between the left and right lobes.
*'''Left lobe''' is smaller than the right.
*Tip of the left lobe contacts the left kidney and lies in the greater omentum.
*'''Right lobe''' follows the descending duodenum and lies in the mesoduodenum.
**Dorsally, it is related to the visceral surface of the [[Liver - Anatomy & Physiology|liver]], the ventral surface of the right kidney.
**Ventrally, it is related to the descending duodenum.
**Laterally it is related to the ascending colon.
*In dogs, both pancreatic and accessory ducts persist throughout development.
*In dogs, both pancreatic and accessory ducts persist throughout development.
**However, the pancreatic duct is smaller. It joins the bile duct just before opening into the major duodenal papilla which lies 3-6cm distal to the pylorus of the stomach.
**The accessory duct is the bigger duct and opens 3-5cm further distal to the pancreatic duct.
***The two ducts communicate inside the pancreas.
*In cats, the distal part of the accessory duct atrophies during development, so only the pancreatic duct persists.
*In cats, the distal part of the accessory duct atrophies during development, so only the pancreatic duct persists.
*Cats normally have pacinian corpuscles in the interlobular tissue and are visible grossly as 1-3cm in diameter.
*Cats normally have pacinian corpuscles in the interlobular tissue and are visible grossly as 1-3cm in diameter.
===Ruminant===
===Ruminant===
*Consists of a distinguishable body and left and right lobes.
*The '''left lobe''' lies in the retroperitoneal surface and is in contact with the liver, diaphragm and major vessels dorsally.
**Ventrally, it is in contact with intestines and dorsal sac of the rumen.
*The '''right lobe''' lies in the mesoduodenum against the flank of the animal and runs part of the length of the descending duodenum.
*Portal vein runs between the left and right lobes.
*Portal vein runs between the left and right lobes.
*In the ox, the distal part of the pancreatic duct atrophies during development, so only the accessory duct persists.
*In the ox, the distal part of the pancreatic duct atrophies during development, so only the accessory duct persists.
**The accessory duct enters the duodenum 20 to 25cm distal to the entry of the bile duct.
*In sheep and goats the distal part of the accessory duct atrophies during development, so only the pancreatic duct persists.
*In sheep and goats the distal part of the accessory duct atrophies during development, so only the pancreatic duct persists.
**It unifies with the bile duct so that both enter via a common duct.
===Horse===
===Horse===
*Lies mainly on the right, in the very dorsal part of the abdomen.
*It is triangular in shape and lies within the sigmoid flexure of the [[Duodenum - Anatomy & Physiology|duodenum]].
*Lobes are less distinguishable compared to the dog.
*Ventral surface is directly attached to the right dorsal colon and base of the caecum.
*Dorsal surface is directly attached to the right kidney and liver.
*Portal vein perforates the pancreas.
*Portal vein perforates the pancreas.
*Both pancreatic and accessory ducts persist throughout development.
*Both pancreatic and accessory ducts persist throughout development.