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→Donkeys: Signs and symptoms of trypanosomiasis in donkeys have been added
===Donkeys===
===Donkeys===
The disease progression of equine trypanosomiasis often includes an initial acute phase followed by chronic manifestations, including neurological symptoms and reproductive issues. The pathogenic mechanisms involve immune evasion strategies, where parasites change surface glycoproteins to avoid host immune responses. Symptoms vary widely, from fever, lethargy, and anemia in early stages to incoordination, paralysis, and other neurological deficits in advanced cases. This variability complicates clinical diagnosis, making laboratory confirmation essential. Animals with acute or chronic ''Trypanosoma brucei'' infections experienced intermittent fever, pale mucous membranes, edematous enlargement on the ventral side of the body, and weight loss. The animal had trouble moving in the later phases. Vaginal and urethral discharges occur when the reproductive system is dourine-locally infected. The scrotal region, which reaches to the ventral side of the abdomen, has localized edema. The mare develops vulvar mucosal edema and vaginal edema. Anorexia, weakness, anemia, and edema of the limbs and sexual organs are symptoms of T. congolense infection in animals. Trypanosomiasis causes anemia and disrupts hematological and biochemical parameters in humans and animals due to factors like trypanosome toxins, intermittent fever, and malnutrition
<references group="Ullah A, Qureshi AS, Farooq U, Shafi MU, Umar Z, Hussain M, Rehman HMSU, Sharif MU, Usman M, and Rehan S, 2025. Characterization and diagnosis of trypanosomiasis in equine species an updated review. In: Abbas RZ, Akhtar T and Jamil M (eds), Holistic Health: Pathways of Infection: Zoonoses and Environmental Disease Transmission. Unique Scientific Publishers, Faisalabad, Pakistan, pp: 166-174. https://doi.org/10.47278/book.HH/2025.34" />
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See [[Protozoal Skin Infections - Donkey|donkey skin infections]] page for details.
See [[Protozoal Skin Infections - Donkey|donkey skin infections]] page for details.