Changes

**Insulin regulates the reaction in glycolysis where PEP is converted into pyruvate. This reaction is regulated by the enzyme pyruvate kinase. Insulin '''activates''' this enzyme by ''dephosphorylation'' via protein phosphatase 1 (PP1). This increases metabolism.

**Insulin regulates the reaction in glycolysis where PEP is converted into pyruvate. This reaction is regulated by the enzyme pyruvate kinase. Insulin '''activates''' this enzyme by ''dephosphorylation'' via protein phosphatase 1 (PP1). This increases metabolism.

===Diabetes Mellitus===

===[[DM|Diabetes Mellitus]]===

[[Image:NIDDM cat.jpg|thumb|right|150px|An obese cat with NIDDM - © RVC 2008]]

[[Image:NIDDM cat.jpg|thumb|right|150px|An obese cat with NIDDM - © RVC 2008]]

*A condition characterised by an inability to maintain normoglycaemia, with persistent hyperglycaemia observed.

*A condition characterised by an inability to maintain normoglycaemia, with persistent hyperglycaemia observed.

'''Types of diabetes in dogs'''

'''Types of diabetes in dogs'''

*β cell deficiency - The majority of cases of diabetes mellitus seen in dogs are of this kind. It causes an inability to produce insulin.

*β cell deficiency - The majority of cases of [[DM|diabetes mellitus]] seen in dogs are of this kind. It causes an inability to produce insulin.

**Can be caused by congenital defects, pancreatitis and autoimmunity.

**Can be caused by congenital defects, pancreatitis and autoimmunity.

*Insulin antagonism - Seen in females in dioestrus, or in animals with [[General Pathology - Neoplasia|Cushing's]] (hyperadrenocorticism).  

*Insulin antagonism - Seen in females in dioestrus, or in animals with [[General Pathology - Neoplasia|Cushing's]] (hyperadrenocorticism).