Changes

**Retropharyngeal abscesses can rupture onto the skin of neck or into the [[Guttural Pouches Inflammatory - Pathology|guttural pouch]] resulting in '''guttural pouch empyema or chondroid formation''' - carrier state

**Retropharyngeal abscesses can rupture onto the skin of neck or into the [[Guttural Pouches Inflammatory - Pathology|guttural pouch]] resulting in '''guttural pouch empyema or chondroid formation''' - carrier state

**[[Muscles - degenerative#Ischaemia|'''Purpura haemorrhagica''']]: an acute vasculitis causing urticaria and extensive oedema of ventrum, head and distal limbs

**[[Muscles - degenerative#Ischaemia|'''Purpura haemorrhagica''']]: an acute vasculitis causing urticaria and extensive oedema of ventrum, head and distal limbs

**[[Larynx - degenerative#Laryngeal hemiplegia|Laryngeal hemiplegia]] due to enlarged retropharyngeal lymph nodes

**[[Larynx Degenerative - Pathology#Laryngeal hemiplegia|Laryngeal hemiplegia]] due to enlarged retropharyngeal lymph nodes

**Compression of cranial nerves

**Compression of cranial nerves

*Lesions may also be found in other parts of the [[Nasopharynx - inflammatory#Infectious causes of pharyngitis|oropharynx]]   

*Lesions may also be found in other parts of the [[Nasopharynx - inflammatory#Infectious causes of pharyngitis|oropharynx]]   

*The bacterium usually gains entry through damaged mucosal surfaces e.g. after viral infections or injury following (poor!) use of dosing guns, coarse poor quality roughage

*The bacterium usually gains entry through damaged mucosal surfaces e.g. after viral infections or injury following (poor!) use of dosing guns, coarse poor quality roughage

*Results in severe acute neutrophilic [[Larynx - inflammatory#Infectious causes of laryngitis|laryngitis]]

*Results in severe acute neutrophilic [[Larynx Inflammatory - Pathology#Infectious causes of laryngitis|laryngitis]]

*Extensive accumulation of fibrin and necrotic cellular debris on the ulcerated mucosal surface  

*Extensive accumulation of fibrin and necrotic cellular debris on the ulcerated mucosal surface  

*Lesions appear as dry plaques of fibrinonecrotic exudate and ulceration on the laryngeal mucosa

*Lesions appear as dry plaques of fibrinonecrotic exudate and ulceration on the laryngeal mucosa

*Caused by [[Fusobacterium|''Fusobacterium necrophorum'']]   

*Caused by [[Fusobacterium|''Fusobacterium necrophorum'']]   

*[[Larynx - inflammatory#Infectious causes of laryngitis|Infection of laryngeal cartilages]]

*[[Larynx Inflammatory - Pathology#Infectious causes of laryngitis|Infection of laryngeal cartilages]]

*Can be seen in short-necked breed, e.g. Texels, East Friesians and Southdowns

*Can be seen in short-necked breed, e.g. Texels, East Friesians and Southdowns

*Leads to extreme respiratory distress

*Leads to extreme respiratory distress

*Laryngeal mucosa is necrotic and ulcerated

*Laryngeal mucosa is necrotic and ulcerated

*Associated with [[Larynx - degenerative#Laryngeal oedema|laryngeal oedema]]

*Associated with [[Larynx Degenerative - Pathology#Laryngeal oedema|laryngeal oedema]]

*Also may occur in young [[Hindgut Fermenters - Horse - Anatomy & Physiology|horses]] and calves

*Also may occur in young [[Hindgut Fermenters - Horse - Anatomy & Physiology|horses]] and calves