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Nasal Cavity Hyperplastic and Neoplastic - Pathology (view source)
Revision as of 21:42, 4 August 2008
, 21:42, 4 August 2008no edit summary
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[[Image:Fibrosarcoma in rhinarium of cat.jpg|right|thumb|100px|<small><center>Fibrosarcoma in rhinarium of a cat (Image sourced from Bristol Biomed Image Archive with permission)</center></small>]]
[[Image:Lymphoma in nasal cavity.jpg|right|thumb|100px|<small><center>Lymphoma in nasal cavity (Image sourced from Bristol Biomed Image Archive with permission)</center></small>]]
[[Image:Nasal cavity carcinoma.jpg|right|thumb|100px|<small><center>Nasal cavity carcinoma (Image sourced from Bristol Biomed Image Archive with permission)</center></small>]]
===Nasal neoplasia in general===
*Majority are malignant, locally invasive but do not metastasise
*Usually pale, soft, fleshy or friable
*May be [[Bones - hyperplastic and neoplastic|osteoma or osteosarcoma, chondroma or chondrosarcoma]], fibroma or fibrosarcoma, myxoma or myxosarcoma, haemangioma or haemangiosarcoma, adenoma or adenocarcinoma
===Adenocarcinoma===
*Most common in dogs, also sheep
*Glandular acini in layer of cuboidal or columnar epithelium
*Often mucin filled acini
===Transitional cell carcinoma===
*Most common in dogs
*Thick stratified layer of cuboidal cells with distinct basement membrane
*Large growth may be separated by fibrovascular septa
*May contain microcysts that could be confused with adenocarcinoma above
===Squamous cell carcinoma===
*In cats they arise mainly from nasal vestibule
*In horses they originate mainly from maxillary sinus
*Most common nasal tumour
**Serosanquineous or mucopurulent, odourous nasal discharge
*Tissue necrosis
*May cause airway obstruction or facial distortion
===Olfactory neuroblastoma===
*Rare, mainly occurs in cats
*Arises from ethmoturbinates in caudal region of nasal cavity
*May penetrate cribriform plate into cerebral cortex
===Ethmoturbinate tumours (papillomas and adenocarcinomas)===
*In horses and other species
*Multiple species may be affected on one premises
*Arising from olfactory cells are endemic in some parts of the world for unknown reason
*May be caused by a virus?
===Progressive ethmoidal haematoma===
*Slowly expanding non-neoplastic mass of horses
*Originates from submucosa of ethmoidal labyrinth
*Either from nasal or sinusal portion of ethmoid labyrinth
*Unilateral, can extend to nostrils or choanae
*Rarely elsewhere in sinuses
*Expands to nasal cavity, [[Paranasal Sinuses Hyperplastic and Neoplastic - Pathology|paranasal sinuses]], [[Nasopharynx Hyperplastic and Neoplastic - Pathology|nasopharynx]] causing destruction of tissue
*Micro - haemorrhage, calcification of connective tissue fibres
*[[Aspergillus spp.|''Aspergillus'' spp.]] may be present on the lesion
*May cause [[Respiratory System Clinical Signs - Pathology#Epistaxis|epistaxis]]
*Can recur after surgical excision
*May arise subsequently to [[Nasal Cavity Inflammatory - Pathology#Chronic rhinitis|chronic inflammation]]
===Nasal polyps===
*Polypoid thickening of the inflamed nasal musosa, hyperplastic epithelium
*Pinkish, often pedunculated masses, round, often large and multiple proturberences into the nasal meatus
*Can arise subsequently to [[Nasal Cavity Inflammatory - Pathology#Chronic rhinitis|chronic inflammation]]
*Old polyps may becoma fibrous
*May recur when excised
*Necessary to distinguish from neoplasia
*Common in cats, less often in dogs, also horses and sheep
*Also see [[Nasal Cavity Hyperplastic and Neoplastic - Pathology#Progressive ethmoidal haematoma|Progressive haematoma]] of horses and [[Nasopharynx Hyperplastic and Neoplastic - Pathology#Nasopharyngeal polyps of cats|Nasopharyngeal polyps]] of cats
===Nasal and paranasal sinus cysts===
*Mimic infection or neoplasms
*Expand and destroy surrounding tissue
*Epithelial capsule with haemorrhagic or yellow fluid
*Do not tend to recur after surgery