Changes

===Femur===

===Femur===

The femur is the strongest of the long bones and provides the origin and attachment for many muscles and tendons. This means that it is charcacteristically modelled for each species. Despite this it can be divided into three basic parts:

The femur is the strongest of the long bones and provides the origin and attachment for many muscles and tendons. This means that it is charcacteristically modelled for each species. Despite this it can be divided into three basic parts:

'''The Femoral Head'''

'''''The Femoral Head'''''

* The head is offset from the main shaft of the femur, points in a medial direction and articulates with the acetabulum.

* The head is offset from the main shaft of the femur, points in a medial direction and articulates with the acetabulum.

* It has a hemispherical articular surface with an associated '''notch''', ''fovea capitis'', which provides attachment for the '''intracasular ligament'''.  

* It has a hemispherical articular surface with an associated '''notch''', ''fovea capitis'', which provides attachment for the '''intracasular ligament'''.  

* The '''trochantic fossa''' seperates the greater trochanter and the neck of the femur. It provides a site of insertion for the deep hip muscles.  

* The '''trochantic fossa''' seperates the greater trochanter and the neck of the femur. It provides a site of insertion for the deep hip muscles.  

* The '''lesser trochanter''' is a smaller process on the medial side that provides a site of attachment for the iliopsoas.

* The '''lesser trochanter''' is a smaller process on the medial side that provides a site of attachment for the iliopsoas.

'''Femoral Shaft'''

'''''Femoral Shaft'''''

* The caudal surface is roughened proximally and is framed by the '''medial and lateral lips'''

* The caudal surface is roughened proximally and is framed by the '''medial and lateral lips'''

* These lips extend distally end enclose the '''popliteal surface'''. They also provide attachment for the adductor muscles.

* These lips extend distally end enclose the '''popliteal surface'''. They also provide attachment for the adductor muscles.

'''Distal Extremity'''

'''''Distal Extremity'''''

* This consists of the '''medial and lateral condyles''' caudally and a trochlea cranially.

* This consists of the '''medial and lateral condyles''' caudally and a trochlea cranially.

* The condyles articulate with the tibia and menisci to form the '''femorotibial joint'''.  

* The condyles articulate with the tibia and menisci to form the '''femorotibial joint'''.