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Liver Flashcards - Pathology (view source)

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==Introduction==
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*This Page contains Flashcards for the pathology of the [[Liver|Liver]]
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*In order to reveal an answer, highlight the underlined or bulleted area using your mouse.
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*The number of bullet points doesn't necessarily indicate a strict number of answers.
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*Internet explorer is different - you'll have to guess where the underline should be!
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==Flashcards==
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{| border="3" cellpadding="8"
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!width="400"|'''Question'''
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!width="400"|'''Answer'''
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!width="150"|'''Article'''
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|-
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|<big>'''Liver lesions are common because:
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||<font color="white"> <big>
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*'''''it is an area of high metabolic activity'''''
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*'''''receives toxic agents from the gut via the portal blood system'''''
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*'''''has an extensive vascular supply (prime site for metastatic disease)'''''
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||[[Liver - general pathology#Introduction|<span title="Answer article">Link to Answer Article</span>]]
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|-
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|-
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|<big>'''In each type of jaundice, will bilirubinuria be detected?
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* '''haemolytic
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* '''obstructive
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* '''hepatocellular
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||<font color="white"> <big>
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*'''''NO - because most of bilirubin is unconjugated'''''
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*'''''YES - because conjugated bilirubin accumulates'''''
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*'''''NO - because bilirubin fails to conjugate due to liver cell damage'''''
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*'''''NB - the kidney can only excrete the water soluble conjugate'''''
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||[[Liver - general pathology#Jaundice (Icterus)|<span title="Answer article">Link to Answer Article</span>]]
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|-
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|-
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|<big>'''In regards to secondary photosensitisation, what are two hepatotoxic plants?
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||<font color="white"> <big>
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*'''''Senecio jacobea (Ragwort)'''''
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*'''''Lantana camara (Lantana)'''''
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*'''''Lupinus angustifolius (Lupins)'''''
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*'''''Blue-green algae'''''
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||[[Liver - general pathology#secondary photosensitisation|<span title="Answer article">Link to Answer Article</span>]]
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|-
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|-
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|<big>'''What are two causes of necrosis?
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||<font color="white"> <big>
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*'''''severe metabolic disturbances'''''
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*'''''nutritional deficiencies'''''
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*'''''toxic substances'''''
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*'''''actions of micro-organisms'''''
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||[[Liver - general pathology#Necrosis|<span title="Answer article">Link to Answer Article</span>]]
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|-
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|-
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|<big>'''What can cause the liver to appear greenish-blue post mortem?
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||<font color="white"> <big>
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*'''''bacteria degrades blood pigment to hydrogen sulfide'''''
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||[[Liver - post mortem#Gross|<span title="Answer article">Link to Answer Article</span>]]
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|-
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|-
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|<big>'''True or false?
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'''Cranial displacements of the liver are the most common.
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||<font color="white"> <big>
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*'''''false'''''
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||[[Liver - developmental#Displacement|<span title="Answer article">Link to Answer Article</span>]]
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|-
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|-
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|<big>'''What occurs during Congestion?
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||<font color="white"> <big>
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*'''''The right side of the heart fails to function properly and blood will back up through the veins into the liver.
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||[[Liver - circulatory disturbances#Passive congestion|<span title="Answer article">Link to Answer Article</span>]]
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|-
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|-
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|<big>'''True or false?
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'''Congenital melanosis in calves and lambs appears as white discoloration of small irregular portions of the liver.
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||<font color="white"> <big>
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*'''''false'''''
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||[[Liver - pigmentation#Congenital melanosis|<span title="Answer article">Link to Answer Article</span>]]
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|-
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|-
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|<big>'''Hepatic lipidosis or fatty liver syndrome is associated with -
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||<font color="white"> <big>
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*'''''dietary factors: obesity and starvation '''''
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*'''''increased demand for energy: pregnancy, lactation, and starvation in physiological states '''''
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*'''''Diabetes mellitus, ketosis, and pregnancy toxaemia in pathological conditions '''''
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*'''''abnormal hepatocytic function: prevents fatty acids from forming complexes with proteins to form low density lipoproteins for secretion into the blood '''''
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||[[Liver - degenerative#Hepatic lipidosis - fatty liver syndrome|<span title="Answer article">Link to Answer Article</span>]]
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|-
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|-
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|<big>'''What could be a non-pathological reason for a cow displaying fatty liver syndrome during necropsy?
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*'''''It is possible to show fat infiltration of liver in cows which have not been eating for several days.
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||[[Liver - degenerative#Gross|<span title="Answer article">Link to Answer Article</span>]]
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|-
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|-
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|<big>'''True or false?
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'''Equine hyperlipidemia or fat pony syndrome is similar to that in cats, as well as fatal within a week.
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||<font color="white"> <big>
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*'''''true'''''
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||[[Liver - degenerative#Equine hyperlipidemia|<span title="Answer article">Link to Answer Article</span>]]
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|-
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|-
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|<big>'''What causes Lysosomal storage disease and how does it manifest itself?
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||<font color="white"> <big>
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*'''''due to an inherited deficiency of lysosomal enzymes'''''
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*'''''manifest themselves as neurological disease '''''
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||[[Liver - storage diseases#Lysosomal storage diseases|<span title="Answer article">Link to Answer Article</span>]]
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|-
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|-
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|<big>'''Herpes virus infections include -
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*'''''Equine Viral Rhinopneumonitis'''''
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*'''''Infectious Bovine Rhinotracheitis'''''
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*'''''Feline Viral Rhinopneumonitis'''''
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*'''''Aujesky's disease in pigs '''''
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||[[Liver - inflammatory#Herpes virus infections|<span title="Answer article">Link to Answer Article</span>]]
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|-
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|-
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|<big>'''You are examining a cow's liver post-necropsy.  You notice the liver has several small areas of necrosis.  Is this more likely to be Black Disease or Red Water Disease?
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||<font color="white"> <big>
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*'''''Black Disease'''''
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||[[Liver - inflammatory#Infectious Necrotic Hepatitis (Black Disease)|<span title="Answer article">Link to Answer Article</span>]]
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|-
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|-
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|<big>'''What are the two main types of Hepatitis in cats?
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||<font color="white"> <big>
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*'''''cholangiohepatitis'''''
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*'''''Lymphocytic portal hepatitis'''''
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||[[Liver - inflammatory#Hepatitis in cats|<span title="Answer article">Link to Answer Article</span>]]
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|-
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|-
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|<big>'''True or false?
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'''Use of carbon tetrachloride as an anthelmintic and phosphorous as a rodenticide has never been proven to produce liver necrosis. 
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||<font color="white"> <big>
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*'''''false'''''
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||[[Liver - toxic#Acute hepatoxicity|<span title="Answer article">Link to Answer Article</span>]]
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|-
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|-
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|<big>'''Pyrrolizidine alkaloids have an anti-mitotic effect whilst allowing continued synthesis within the cell and its nucleus. This causes a marked increase in the size of parenchymal cells, a phenomenon termed -
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||<font color="white"> <big>
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*'''''megalocytosis'''''
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||[[Liver - toxic#Ragwort|<span title="Answer article">Link to Answer Article</span>]]
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|-
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|-
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|<big>'''What are the two most common primary hepatic neoplasms?
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||<font color="white"> <big>
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*'''''liver cell tumours'''''
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*'''''malignant bile duct tumours '''''
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||[[Liver - proliferative#Primary tumours|<span title="Answer article">Link to Answer Article</span>]]
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|-
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|-
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|<big>'''Haemangiosarcoma can be primary in the liver, what are other predilection sites?
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||<font color="white"> <big>
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*'''''spleen'''''
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*'''''right auricle of the heart'''''
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||[[Liver - proliferative#Haemangiosarcoma|<span title="Answer article">Link to Answer Article</span>]]
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|-
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|-
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|<big>'''True or false?
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'''Chronic lymphocytic cholangitis generally afflicts only very young cats.
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||<font color="white"> <big>
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*'''''false'''''
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||[[Liver - unknown aetiology#Chronic lymphocytic cholangitis|<span title="Answer article">Link to Answer Article</span>]]
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|-
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|-
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|<big>'''What are two causes of Cholangitis of the liver?
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||<font color="white"> <big>
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*'''''ascending infections from the intestine'''''
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*'''''associated with organisms excreted via the bile'''''
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||[[Liver - biliary tract#Cholangitis|<span title="Answer article">Link to Answer Article</span>]]
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|-
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