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| + | |maplink = Reproductive System (Content Map) - Anatomy & Physiology |
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− | | + | == Ovary == |
− | = Ovary = | |
| In the first 5 months after hatching, the ovary gradually develops from a small irregular structure with a finely granular surface into one where individual follicles can be observed. | | In the first 5 months after hatching, the ovary gradually develops from a small irregular structure with a finely granular surface into one where individual follicles can be observed. |
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| * No [[The_Ovary_-Corpus_Luteum_-_Anatomy_%26_Physiology|Corpus Luteum]] is required, since there is no embryo to maintain as there is in mammals. | | * No [[The_Ovary_-Corpus_Luteum_-_Anatomy_%26_Physiology|Corpus Luteum]] is required, since there is no embryo to maintain as there is in mammals. |
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| + | == Oviduct == |
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− | = Oviduct = | |
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| [[Image:Female reproductive tract avian.jpg|thumb|right|150px|Schematic of the Female Avian Reproductive Tract- Courtesy of Ruth Lawson Otago Polytechnic, Copyright RVC 2008]] | | [[Image:Female reproductive tract avian.jpg|thumb|right|150px|Schematic of the Female Avian Reproductive Tract- Courtesy of Ruth Lawson Otago Polytechnic, Copyright RVC 2008]] |
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| * In most birds only the left oviduct is present and functional. The right oviduct can be identified as a strand of tissue on the right side along the ventral side of the caudal vena cava. | | * In most birds only the left oviduct is present and functional. The right oviduct can be identified as a strand of tissue on the right side along the ventral side of the caudal vena cava. |
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− | | + | ===Anatomical Structure and Location=== |
− | == Anatomical Structure and Location== | |
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| * Occupies the left,dorsal part of the body cavity. | | * Occupies the left,dorsal part of the body cavity. |
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| ** Some coils are connected by a ventral continuation that forms the muscular '''ventral ligament'''. | | ** Some coils are connected by a ventral continuation that forms the muscular '''ventral ligament'''. |
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− | == Blood Flow and Innervation == | + | === Blood Flow and Innervation === |
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| * Blood flow to shell gland increased during the presence of a calcifying egg | | * Blood flow to shell gland increased during the presence of a calcifying egg |
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| ** Sympathetic innervation of the shell gland (Vagina) is via the hypogastric nerve, a direct continuation of the aortic plexus. | | ** Sympathetic innervation of the shell gland (Vagina) is via the hypogastric nerve, a direct continuation of the aortic plexus. |
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− | == Oviduct Motility == | + | === Oviduct Motility === |
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| * Cilia are found along the entire length of the Oviduct. These facillitate sperm transport. | | * Cilia are found along the entire length of the Oviduct. These facillitate sperm transport. |
| * Egg transported by contractions of the Oviduct musculature. | | * Egg transported by contractions of the Oviduct musculature. |
− | == Histological Structure == | + | === Histological Structure === |
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| * Serosa | | * Serosa |
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− | == Infundibulum == | + | === Infundibulum === |
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| * Consists of a fluted and tubular part. | | * Consists of a fluted and tubular part. |
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| * Some species have a [[Exotics_-_Anatomy_of_the_Female_Reproductive_System_-_Anatomy_%26_Physiology#Sperm_Host_Glands|'''sperm host gland''']] in this area to store sperm for later fertilization. | | * Some species have a [[Exotics_-_Anatomy_of_the_Female_Reproductive_System_-_Anatomy_%26_Physiology#Sperm_Host_Glands|'''sperm host gland''']] in this area to store sperm for later fertilization. |
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− | == Magnum == | + | === Magnum === |
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| * Longest part of the Oviduct. | | * Longest part of the Oviduct. |
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| * Calcium, sodium and magnesium are added. | | * Calcium, sodium and magnesium are added. |
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− | == Isthmus == | + | === Isthmus === |
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| * Demarcated from the Magnum by a narrow aglandular zone. | | * Demarcated from the Magnum by a narrow aglandular zone. |
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| * Inner and outer [[Exotics_-_Composition_and_Formation_of_the_Egg_-_Anatomy_%26_Physiology#Shell|'''shell membrane formation''']]. | | * Inner and outer [[Exotics_-_Composition_and_Formation_of_the_Egg_-_Anatomy_%26_Physiology#Shell|'''shell membrane formation''']]. |
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− | == Uterus == | + | === Uterus === |
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| * Holds the egg during [[Exotics_-_Composition_and_Formation_of_the_Egg_-_Anatomy_%26_Physiology#Shell|shell formation]]. | | * Holds the egg during [[Exotics_-_Composition_and_Formation_of_the_Egg_-_Anatomy_%26_Physiology#Shell|shell formation]]. |
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| * '''Shell pigments''' (primarily protoporphyrin and biliverdin) are deposited via ciliated cells over 3 hours until 30 minutes before oviposition. | | * '''Shell pigments''' (primarily protoporphyrin and biliverdin) are deposited via ciliated cells over 3 hours until 30 minutes before oviposition. |
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− | == Vagina == | + | === Vagina === |
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| * Muscular S-shaped tube through which the completed egg passes when it is expelled. | | * Muscular S-shaped tube through which the completed egg passes when it is expelled. |
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| * In some species, egg can remain here for hardening before passing out of the oviduct to the Urodeum. | | * In some species, egg can remain here for hardening before passing out of the oviduct to the Urodeum. |
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| + | ====Sperm Host Glands ==== |
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− | === Sperm Host Glands === | |
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| * Sperm host glands are at the '''uterovaginal junction''' of domestic fowl. | | * Sperm host glands are at the '''uterovaginal junction''' of domestic fowl. |
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| * Well-developed vascular system. | | * Well-developed vascular system. |
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− | = Cloacal Urodeum = | + | == Cloacal Urodeum == |
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| [[Image:Avian Cloaca Diagram.jpg|thumb|right|150px|Avian Cloaca Diagram - Copyright RVC 2008]] | | [[Image:Avian Cloaca Diagram.jpg|thumb|right|150px|Avian Cloaca Diagram - Copyright RVC 2008]] |
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| * Ureters and genital ducts empty into its dorsal wall. | | * Ureters and genital ducts empty into its dorsal wall. |
| * Left Oviduct opens into a small mound, which is covered by a small membrane in ducks,geese and swans until sexual maturity. | | * Left Oviduct opens into a small mound, which is covered by a small membrane in ducks,geese and swans until sexual maturity. |
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