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<big><center>[[Reproductive System|'''BACK TO REPRODUCTIVE SYSTEM''']]</center></big>
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|backcolour =EED2EE
<big><center>[[Reproductive_System#Exotics|'''BACK TO EXOTICS''']]</center></big>
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|linkpage =Reproductive System - Anatomy & Physiology
 
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|linktext =Reproductive System
<big><center>[[Exotics_-_Avian_Reproductive_Anatomy_and_Physiology_-_Anatomy_%26_Physiology|'''BACK TO AVIAN REPRODUCTIVE ANATOMY & PHYSIOLOGY''']]</center></big>
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|maplink = Reproductive System (Content Map) - Anatomy & Physiology
 
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|pagetype =Anatomy
<big><center>[[Exotics_-_Reproduction_in_the_Female_Avian_-_Anatomy_%26_Physiology|'''BACK TO FEMALE AVIAN REPRODUCTIVE ANATOMY & PHYSIOLOGY''']]</center></big>
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|sublink1=Exotics - Avian Reproductive Anatomy and Physiology - Anatomy & Physiology
 
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|subtext1=AVIAN REPRODUCTIVE
 
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}}
 
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== Ovary ==
= Ovary =
   
In the first 5 months after hatching, the ovary gradually develops from a small irregular structure with a finely granular surface into one where individual follicles can be observed.
 
In the first 5 months after hatching, the ovary gradually develops from a small irregular structure with a finely granular surface into one where individual follicles can be observed.
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* No [[The_Ovary_-Corpus_Luteum_-_Anatomy_%26_Physiology|Corpus Luteum]] is required, since there is no embryo to maintain as there is in mammals.
 
* No [[The_Ovary_-Corpus_Luteum_-_Anatomy_%26_Physiology|Corpus Luteum]] is required, since there is no embryo to maintain as there is in mammals.
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== Oviduct ==
 
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= Oviduct =
      
[[Image:Female reproductive tract avian.jpg|thumb|right|150px|Schematic of the Female Avian Reproductive Tract- Courtesy of Ruth Lawson Otago Polytechnic, Copyright RVC 2008]]
 
[[Image:Female reproductive tract avian.jpg|thumb|right|150px|Schematic of the Female Avian Reproductive Tract- Courtesy of Ruth Lawson Otago Polytechnic, Copyright RVC 2008]]
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* In most birds only the left oviduct is present and functional.  The right oviduct can be identified as a strand of tissue on the right side along the ventral side of the caudal vena cava.
 
* In most birds only the left oviduct is present and functional.  The right oviduct can be identified as a strand of tissue on the right side along the ventral side of the caudal vena cava.
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===Anatomical Structure and Location===
== Anatomical Structure and Location==
      
* Occupies the left,dorsal part of the body cavity.
 
* Occupies the left,dorsal part of the body cavity.
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** Some coils are connected by a ventral continuation that forms the muscular '''ventral ligament'''.
 
** Some coils are connected by a ventral continuation that forms the muscular '''ventral ligament'''.
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== Blood Flow and Innervation ==
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=== Blood Flow and Innervation ===
    
* Blood flow to shell gland increased during the presence of a calcifying egg
 
* Blood flow to shell gland increased during the presence of a calcifying egg
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** Sympathetic innervation of the shell gland (Vagina) is via the hypogastric nerve, a direct continuation of the aortic plexus.
 
** Sympathetic innervation of the shell gland (Vagina) is via the hypogastric nerve, a direct continuation of the aortic plexus.
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== Oviduct Motility ==
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=== Oviduct Motility ===
    
* Cilia are found along the entire length of the Oviduct. These facillitate sperm transport.
 
* Cilia are found along the entire length of the Oviduct. These facillitate sperm transport.
 
* Egg transported by contractions of the Oviduct musculature.
 
* Egg transported by contractions of the Oviduct musculature.
== Histological Structure ==
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=== Histological Structure ===
    
* Serosa
 
* Serosa
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== Infundibulum ==
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=== Infundibulum ===
    
* Consists of a fluted and tubular part.
 
* Consists of a fluted and tubular part.
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* Some species have a [[Exotics_-_Anatomy_of_the_Female_Reproductive_System_-_Anatomy_%26_Physiology#Sperm_Host_Glands|'''sperm host gland''']] in this area to store sperm for later fertilization.
 
* Some species have a [[Exotics_-_Anatomy_of_the_Female_Reproductive_System_-_Anatomy_%26_Physiology#Sperm_Host_Glands|'''sperm host gland''']] in this area to store sperm for later fertilization.
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== Magnum ==
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=== Magnum ===
    
* Longest part of the Oviduct.
 
* Longest part of the Oviduct.
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* Calcium, sodium and magnesium are added.
 
* Calcium, sodium and magnesium are added.
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== Isthmus ==
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=== Isthmus ===
    
* Demarcated from the Magnum by a narrow aglandular zone.
 
* Demarcated from the Magnum by a narrow aglandular zone.
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* Inner and outer [[Exotics_-_Composition_and_Formation_of_the_Egg_-_Anatomy_%26_Physiology#Shell|'''shell membrane formation''']].
 
* Inner and outer [[Exotics_-_Composition_and_Formation_of_the_Egg_-_Anatomy_%26_Physiology#Shell|'''shell membrane formation''']].
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== Uterus ==
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=== Uterus ===
    
* Holds the egg during [[Exotics_-_Composition_and_Formation_of_the_Egg_-_Anatomy_%26_Physiology#Shell|shell formation]].
 
* Holds the egg during [[Exotics_-_Composition_and_Formation_of_the_Egg_-_Anatomy_%26_Physiology#Shell|shell formation]].
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* '''Shell pigments''' (primarily protoporphyrin and biliverdin) are deposited via ciliated cells over 3 hours until 30 minutes before oviposition.
 
* '''Shell pigments''' (primarily protoporphyrin and biliverdin) are deposited via ciliated cells over 3 hours until 30 minutes before oviposition.
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== Vagina ==
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=== Vagina ===
    
* Muscular S-shaped tube through which the completed egg passes when it is expelled.
 
* Muscular S-shaped tube through which the completed egg passes when it is expelled.
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* In some species, egg can remain here for hardening before passing out of the oviduct to the Urodeum.
 
* In some species, egg can remain here for hardening before passing out of the oviduct to the Urodeum.
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====Sperm Host Glands ====
 
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=== Sperm Host Glands ===
      
* Sperm host glands are at the '''uterovaginal junction''' of domestic fowl.
 
* Sperm host glands are at the '''uterovaginal junction''' of domestic fowl.
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* Well-developed vascular system.
 
* Well-developed vascular system.
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= Cloacal Urodeum =
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== Cloacal Urodeum ==
    
[[Image:Avian Cloaca Diagram.jpg|thumb|right|150px|Avian Cloaca Diagram - Copyright RVC 2008]]
 
[[Image:Avian Cloaca Diagram.jpg|thumb|right|150px|Avian Cloaca Diagram - Copyright RVC 2008]]
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* Ureters and genital ducts empty into its dorsal wall.
 
* Ureters and genital ducts empty into its dorsal wall.
 
* Left Oviduct opens into a small mound, which is covered by a small membrane in ducks,geese and swans until sexual maturity.
 
* Left Oviduct opens into a small mound, which is covered by a small membrane in ducks,geese and swans until sexual maturity.
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<big><center>[[Reproductive_System#Exotics|'''BACK TO EXOTICS''']]</center></big>
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<big><center>[[Exotics_-_Reproduction_in_the_Female_Avian_-_Anatomy_%26_Physiology|'''BACK TO FEMALE AVIAN REPRODUCTIVE ANATOMY & PHYSIOLOGY''']]</center></big>
 

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