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New page: {{unfinished}} {{toplink |linkpage =Viruses |linktext =VIRUSES |sublink1=Orthomyxoviridae |subtext1=INFLUENZA |pagetype =Bugs }} <br> ====Antigenicity==== *9 serotypes ====Hosts==== *Cl...
{{unfinished}}
{{toplink
|linkpage =Viruses
|linktext =VIRUSES
|sublink1=Orthomyxoviridae
|subtext1=INFLUENZA
|pagetype =Bugs
}}
<br>
====Antigenicity====
*9 serotypes
====Hosts====
*Clinical: horses, mules, donkeys
*Subclinical: african donkeys, zebras
====Pathogenesis====
*Virus oscillates between horses and midges
**Replicates in the salivary glands of biting midges, and occurs where they breed
*'''Pantropic''' virus: infects endothelium and myocardium
*'''Peracute''': causes sudden death with pyrexia before the onset of clinical signs
*Two forms:
**'''Acute cardac-pneumonic form''':
***Interlobular pulmonary oedema
***Pericarditis
***Hemorrhage and oedema of the viscera
***Death within 5 days
**'''Subacute cardiac form''':
***Milder clinical signs but still a high mortality rate
====Diagnosis====
*Clinical signs
*Differential: Equine Adinovirus
**EAV causes oedema in the legs, which AHS does NOT
*Suckling mouse inoculation
*Virus serotype identification
*Serology
*RT-PCR will be used in future outbreaks
====Control====
Control measures are largely preventative:
*Slaughter or immediate isolation of sick animals
*Mandatory and immediate vaccination with appropriate serotype
*Restricted movement of susceptible animals
**Protection zones and Surveillance zones set in place around outbreaks
*Control of vector: ectoparasiticides, etc.
====Current Relevance====
*Once only found in Africa, but since 1987 has recurred in Spain and Portugal
*Not present currently in the UK but global warming may expand midge breeding grounds
{{toplink
|linkpage =Viruses
|linktext =VIRUSES
|sublink1=Orthomyxoviridae
|subtext1=INFLUENZA
|pagetype =Bugs
}}
<br>
====Antigenicity====
*9 serotypes
====Hosts====
*Clinical: horses, mules, donkeys
*Subclinical: african donkeys, zebras
====Pathogenesis====
*Virus oscillates between horses and midges
**Replicates in the salivary glands of biting midges, and occurs where they breed
*'''Pantropic''' virus: infects endothelium and myocardium
*'''Peracute''': causes sudden death with pyrexia before the onset of clinical signs
*Two forms:
**'''Acute cardac-pneumonic form''':
***Interlobular pulmonary oedema
***Pericarditis
***Hemorrhage and oedema of the viscera
***Death within 5 days
**'''Subacute cardiac form''':
***Milder clinical signs but still a high mortality rate
====Diagnosis====
*Clinical signs
*Differential: Equine Adinovirus
**EAV causes oedema in the legs, which AHS does NOT
*Suckling mouse inoculation
*Virus serotype identification
*Serology
*RT-PCR will be used in future outbreaks
====Control====
Control measures are largely preventative:
*Slaughter or immediate isolation of sick animals
*Mandatory and immediate vaccination with appropriate serotype
*Restricted movement of susceptible animals
**Protection zones and Surveillance zones set in place around outbreaks
*Control of vector: ectoparasiticides, etc.
====Current Relevance====
*Once only found in Africa, but since 1987 has recurred in Spain and Portugal
*Not present currently in the UK but global warming may expand midge breeding grounds