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====Pathogenesis====
====Pathogenesis====
IBR:
'''IBR''':
*BHV-1 infects the respiratory mucosal epithelial cells (intranuclear inclusion eosinophilic inclusion bodies)from nasal mucosa down to bronchioles
**Leading to neutrophilic inflammation of varying severity: serous -> catarrhal -> purulent nasal discharge, sneezing, coughing
*Dypsnoea, anorexia
*Dypsnoea, anorexia
*Rhinotrachietis that can develop into bronchopneumonia
*Rhinotracheitis that can develop into bronchopneumonia
*Up to 75% mortality if concurrent with [[Bovine Virus Diarrhoea Virus|BVDV]], caused by meningo-encephalitis
*Clinical signs include coughing, discharge, lacrimation, and increased respiratory rate
IPV:
*Clinical disease most severe in young calves - can develop mucosal ulcerative lesions in the oesophagus and forestomachs and viraemia with multiorgan infection
*Generally high morbidity, low mortality, but up to 75% mortality if concurrent with [[Bovine Virus Diarrhoea Virus|BVDV]], caused by meningo-encephalitis
'''IPV''':
*Painful genital lesions
*Painful genital lesions
*Impaired reproductive performance
*Impaired reproductive performance