1,351
edits
Changes
Jump to navigation
Jump to search
no edit summary
*Viremia
*Viremia
*Virus targets stratum spinosum of stratified squamous epithelia and mucus mebranes
*Virus targets stratum spinosum of stratified squamous epithelia and mucus mebranes
*Secondary [[Cavity & Gingiva - Pathology#Foot and Mouth disease|vesicles]] appear after incubation of 2-14 days
*Secondary [[Cavity & Gingiva - Pathology#Foot and Mouth disease|'''vesicles''']] appear after incubation of 2-14 days
*Appearance of lesions by age:
*Appearance of lesions by age:
**0-2 days: unruptured vesicles
**0-2 days: unruptured vesicles
**3-7 days: ruptured vesicles, loss of epithelia, no marked fibrous margin
**3-7 days: ruptured vesicles, loss of epithelia, no marked fibrous margin
**7-10+ days: open lesions with marked fibrous margin
**7-10+ days: open lesions with marked fibrous margin
*'''Lameness'''
**Also produces cutaneous erosions in interdigital cleft, at coronet and bulbs of heals
**These feet lesions often take a long time to heal as secondary bacterial infections may ensue and produce true deep ulcerative dermatitis
*'''Teats''' on animals that are suckling may also develop vesicles
*In the young, without maternal antibody, virus will localize in the heart and cause death by myocarditis
*In the young, without maternal antibody, virus will localize in the heart and cause death by myocarditis
*FMDV causes '''loss of condition and productivity''' but is NOT typically fatal
*FMDV causes '''loss of condition and productivity''' but is NOT typically fatal
*'''Pigs''' and '''Sheep''':
*'''Pigs''' and '''Sheep''':
**Lesions less obvious, but vesicles around nose, mouth, and coronary band
**Lesions less obvious, but vesicles around nose, mouth, and coronary band
**Pigs have vesicles on snout, which are quickly traumatised to leave an eroded lesion
**Lesion at '''coronary band''' means infection is usually less than a week old
**Lesion at '''coronary band''' means infection is usually less than a week old
**Lesions grow down claw at a rate of 1mm per week
**Lesions grow down claw at a rate of 1mm per week
====Epidemiology====
====Epidemiology====
*'''Highly contagious''' virus that is spread by '''aerosol''', '''saliva''', '''infected swill''', '''direct contact''', and '''fomites'''
*'''Highly contagious''' virus that is spread by '''aerosol''', '''saliva''', '''infected swill''', '''direct contact''', and '''fomites'''
*Affects all cloven hoofed animals, cattle, sheep and pigs and others
*'''Pigs''' produce '''3000 times more aerosol virus''' than cows
*'''Pigs''' produce '''3000 times more aerosol virus''' than cows
*Cows are much more susceptible to infection than pigs
*Cows are much more susceptible to infection than pigs
**Persistent infection of cattle can occur in unkeratinized lesions, but subclinical carriers do not usually transfer infection
**Persistent infection of cattle can occur in unkeratinized lesions, but subclinical carriers do not usually transfer infection
**Subclinical '''buffalo''' CAN transmit the disease
**Subclinical '''buffalo''' CAN transmit the disease
*1967 + 2001 major outbreaks in UK
*Still widespread in many parts of world especially S. America, far East
*Foot and Mouth disease is NOT a highly fatal disease: approximately 5% mortality (usually young animals); older animals recover
====Diagnosis====
====Diagnosis====
**RNA must be purified before converting to DNA for PCR
**RNA must be purified before converting to DNA for PCR
**False positives can occur easily by contamination with previously amplified DNA
**False positives can occur easily by contamination with previously amplified DNA
*May see animals that have discoloration of [[Oral Cavity - Tongue - Anatomy & Physiology|tongue]] due to having had FMD
**In these cases take scraping of retropharyngeal region, put scrapings in transport medium and send for testing
====Control====
====Control====