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→Babesia
**Causes haemolytic anaemia, haemoglobinuria and fever
**Causes haemolytic anaemia, haemoglobinuria and fever
*In cattle:
*Cattle
**Sudden onset
**Sudden onset
**Often fatal if untreated
**Often fatal if untreated
**Infected are transported or stressed in other ways, e.g. parturition
**Infected are transported or stressed in other ways, e.g. parturition
*In the UK:
*In the UK
**Sporadic disease
**Sporadic disease
**Enzootic instability
**Enzootic instability
**''B. major'' occurs in South East England but is not pathogenic
**''B. major'' occurs in South East England but is not pathogenic
***Vector is [[Suborder: Metastigmata, ticks#Important Hard Ticks|''Haemaphysalis'']]
***Vector is [[Suborder: Metastigmata, ticks#Important Hard Ticks|''Haemaphysalis'']]
*Overseas
**''B. bovis'' causes considerable losses in cattle throughout many tropical and sub-tropical areas
***In Australia an attenuated vaccine is used
***Vector is [[Suborder: Metastigmata, ticks#Important Hard Ticks|''Boophilus'']]
**''B. bigemina'' causes problems in Africa and South America
***Vector is [[Suborder: Metastigmata, ticks#Important Hard Ticks|''Boophilus'']]
*Dogs
**Complex epidemiology
**Recognised species are extending their endemic ranges due to the disovery of the small ''Babesia'' species, pet passport scheme and increased overseas travel
**Large species comprises 3 subspecies
***''B. canie canis'' is the msot important
****[[Suborder: Metastigmata, ticks#Important Hard Ticks|''Dermacentor'']] vector
****Largely confined to southern Europe but is spreading
***''B. canis'' uses [[Suborder: Metastigmata, ticks#Important Hard Ticks|''Rhipicephalus'']] as a vector and is spreading northwards through Europe
***''B. gibsoni'' is now established in the USA and South-East Asia
**British dogs have no immunity as no species are endemic to the UK so are highly suceptible if taken abroad
**Prevent [[Suborder: Metastigmata, ticks|tick]] bites by a 'Amitraz' collar is currently the best method of protection
*Horses
**2 species occur
**''B. equi'' is the most pathogenic
**Not endemic to the UK
**Serology using ELISA or IFAT to diagnose
*Sheep and goats
**Several species
**Little clincial significance
===Enzootic Instability===
===Enzootic Instability===