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*'''Lower''' incidence of disease
 
*'''Lower''' incidence of disease
  −
==''Theileria''==
  −
[[Image:Theileria parva life cycle.jpg|thumb|right|150px|''Theileria parva'' Life Cycle Diagram - Dennis Jacobs & Mark Fox RVC]]
  −
*Main species of veterinary importance is ''Theileria parva''
  −
**Causes '''East Coast Fever'''
  −
***Severe, proliferative lymphatic disease of cattle
  −
***Central and Eastern Africa
  −
***Transmitted by [[Suborder: Metastigmata, ticks#Ticks of Veterinary Importance|''Rhipicephalus appendiculatus'']]
  −
***[[Suborder: Metastigmata, ticks#Disease Transmission|Trans-stadial]] transmission
  −
  −
*Other ''Theileria'' species causes production losses in cattle and sheep in the Middle East, Mediterranean and in Northern Africa
  −
  −
'''Life Cycle'''
  −
*Incubation phase lasts 1 week
  −
  −
*Lymphoblast proliferation
  −
**Local [[Lymph Nodes - Anatomy & Physiology|lymph node]] first infected then spreads through body
  −
**Occurs in week two
  −
  −
*Lymphoid depletion
  −
**[[Lymphocytes - WikiBlood|Lymphocytes]] killed
  −
**Decreases lymphopoiesis
  −
**Occurs in week 3
  −
  −
*Total incubation period takes about 18 days
  −
  −
'''Diagnosis'''
  −
*Clinical signs
  −
**Pyrexia
  −
**Enlarged local [[Lymph Nodes - Anatomy & Physiology|lymph node]]
  −
***Usually parotid [[Lymph Nodes - Anatomy & Physiology|lymph node]] as [[Suborder: Metastigmata, ticks#Ticks of Veterinary Importance|''Rhipicephalus appendiculatus'']] feeds in the ear
  −
**Loss of condition
  −
  −
*Examine Giemsa stained smears of:
  −
**Local [[Lymph Nodes - Anatomy & Physiology|lymph node]] aspirated for schizonts
  −
**Blood smears for pioplasms in red blood cells
  −
  −
*Post-mortem
  −
**Pulmonary oedema
  −
**Gut mucosal haemorrhages
  −
**[[Lymph Nodes - Anatomy & Physiology|Lymph node]] and [[Spleen - Anatomy & Physiology|spleen]] cellular atrophy
  −
  −
'''Control'''
  −
*Integrated control of both the [[Suborder: Metastigmata, ticks|tick]] and vector
  −
**[[Vaccines - WikiBlood|Vaccination]] and [[ectoparasiticides]]
  −
  −
*Current [[Vaccines - WikiBlood|vaccination]] is live unattentuated
  −
**Contains frozen stabilate of ground up tick gut containing infective sporozoites
  −
**Long lasting oxytetracycline administered at the same time to slow down schizogony giving the immune response time to develop
      
==''Cytauxzoon felis''==
 
==''Cytauxzoon felis''==
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*Differential diagnosis for the tissue phase of ''cytauxzoonosis'' includes other small (less than 5 μm), intrahistiocytic organisms such as ''Toxoplasma'', ''Leishmania'' and ''Histoplasma''
 
*Differential diagnosis for the tissue phase of ''cytauxzoonosis'' includes other small (less than 5 μm), intrahistiocytic organisms such as ''Toxoplasma'', ''Leishmania'' and ''Histoplasma''
 +
 +
==''Theileria''==
 +
[[Image:Theileria parva life cycle.jpg|thumb|right|150px|''Theileria parva'' Life Cycle Diagram - Dennis Jacobs & Mark Fox RVC]]
 +
*Main species of veterinary importance is ''Theileria parva''
 +
**Causes '''East Coast Fever'''
 +
***Severe, proliferative lymphatic disease of cattle
 +
***Central and Eastern Africa
 +
***Transmitted by [[Suborder: Metastigmata, ticks#Ticks of Veterinary Importance|''Rhipicephalus appendiculatus'']]
 +
***[[Suborder: Metastigmata, ticks#Disease Transmission|Trans-stadial]] transmission
 +
 +
*Other ''Theileria'' species causes production losses in cattle and sheep in the Middle East, Mediterranean and in Northern Africa
 +
 +
'''Life Cycle'''
 +
*Incubation phase lasts 1 week
 +
 +
*Lymphoblast proliferation
 +
**Local [[Lymph Nodes - Anatomy & Physiology|lymph node]] first infected then spreads through body
 +
**Occurs in week two
 +
 +
*Lymphoid depletion
 +
**[[Lymphocytes - WikiBlood|Lymphocytes]] killed
 +
**Decreases lymphopoiesis
 +
**Occurs in week 3
 +
 +
*Total incubation period takes about 18 days
 +
 +
'''Diagnosis'''
 +
*Clinical signs
 +
**Pyrexia
 +
**Enlarged local [[Lymph Nodes - Anatomy & Physiology|lymph node]]
 +
***Usually parotid [[Lymph Nodes - Anatomy & Physiology|lymph node]] as [[Suborder: Metastigmata, ticks#Ticks of Veterinary Importance|''Rhipicephalus appendiculatus'']] feeds in the ear
 +
**Loss of condition
 +
 +
*Examine Giemsa stained smears of:
 +
**Local [[Lymph Nodes - Anatomy & Physiology|lymph node]] aspirated for schizonts
 +
**Blood smears for pioplasms in red blood cells
 +
 +
*Post-mortem
 +
**Pulmonary oedema
 +
**Gut mucosal haemorrhages
 +
**[[Lymph Nodes - Anatomy & Physiology|Lymph node]] and [[Spleen - Anatomy & Physiology|spleen]] cellular atrophy
 +
 +
'''Control'''
 +
*Integrated control of both the [[Suborder: Metastigmata, ticks|tick]] and vector
 +
**[[Vaccines - WikiBlood|Vaccination]] and [[ectoparasiticides]]
 +
 +
*Current [[Vaccines - WikiBlood|vaccination]] is live unattentuated
 +
**Contains frozen stabilate of ground up tick gut containing infective sporozoites
 +
**Long lasting oxytetracycline administered at the same time to slow down schizogony giving the immune response time to develop
3,326

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