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| <br> | | <br> |
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− | ==Astigmata Introduction== | + | ==Astigmata introduction== |
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| Mites are one of the most successful and diverse vertebrate groups. The species of veterinary importance are parasitic, although a few non-parasitic mites are also important, such as oribatid and forage mites. | | Mites are one of the most successful and diverse vertebrate groups. The species of veterinary importance are parasitic, although a few non-parasitic mites are also important, such as oribatid and forage mites. |
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| The taxonomy of mites is complex as there are over 8 families. In this article the families are split according to their location on the host into sub-surface (burrowing) and surface (non-burrowing) mites. | | The taxonomy of mites is complex as there are over 8 families. In this article the families are split according to their location on the host into sub-surface (burrowing) and surface (non-burrowing) mites. |
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| ==Burrowing Mites== | | ==Burrowing Mites== |
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| ===Sarcoptidae=== | | ===Sarcoptidae=== |
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| + | |
| ====''Sarcoptes''==== | | ====''Sarcoptes''==== |
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| *Male is about 250μm in length and the female about 400-430μm in length | | *Male is about 250μm in length and the female about 400-430μm in length |
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− | '''Life Cycle''' | + | |
− | *3 weeks life cycle | + | '''Life cycle''' |
| + | *'''3 week''' life cycle |
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| *Female lays eggs in epidermis in an '''egg laying pocket''' | | *Female lays eggs in epidermis in an '''egg laying pocket''' |
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| *Adult males emerge and look for females to mate | | *Adult males emerge and look for females to mate |
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| '''Transmission''' | | '''Transmission''' |
− |
| |
| *Close contact | | *Close contact |
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| *Adults and larvae can be transferred from one skin surface to another | | *Adults and larvae can be transferred from one skin surface to another |
| + | |
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| '''Pathogenesis''' | | '''Pathogenesis''' |
− |
| |
| *Erythema with papule formation | | *Erythema with papule formation |
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| **Alopecia | | **Alopecia |
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− | *Intense pruritis for one week | + | *Intense pruritus for 1 week |
| **Self-inflicted trauma | | **Self-inflicted trauma |
| **Scab formation | | **Scab formation |
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| **Rash develops | | **Rash develops |
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− | *''Sarcoptes scabiei''
| + | |
− | **In [[Parasitic skin infections - Pathology#Scabies|scabies]] | + | ''Sarcoptes scabiei'' |
| + | *Causes [[Parasitic skin infections - Pathology#Scabies|scabies]] |
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| *Strains of ''S. scabiei'' can be passed between different animals and cause clinical signs although the infection is likely to resolve spontaneously and be unlikely to establish | | *Strains of ''S. scabiei'' can be passed between different animals and cause clinical signs although the infection is likely to resolve spontaneously and be unlikely to establish |
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| '''Diagnosis''' | | '''Diagnosis''' |
− |
| |
| *Skin scraping until capillary blood appears | | *Skin scraping until capillary blood appears |
| **Adults, eggs, immature mites and faecal pellets can be seen microscopically | | **Adults, eggs, immature mites and faecal pellets can be seen microscopically |
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| *Warm slide over bunsen flame | | *Warm slide over bunsen flame |
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| '''Treatment''' | | '''Treatment''' |
− |
| |
| *Acaricide | | *Acaricide |
| **For more information on acaricides click [[Ectoparasiticides|here]] | | **For more information on acaricides click [[Ectoparasiticides|here]] |
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| **Treat boars at 6 month intervals | | **Treat boars at 6 month intervals |
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− | =====Sarcoptic Mange===== | + | |
| + | =====Sarcoptic mange in different species===== |
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| + | |
| '''Dogs''' | | '''Dogs''' |
| *Highly contagious | | *Highly contagious |
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| *First signs appear at edges of ears, then progresses to muzzle, face and elbows | | *First signs appear at edges of ears, then progresses to muzzle, face and elbows |
| + | |
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| '''Cats''' | | '''Cats''' |