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'''Cats'''
'''Cats'''
*Rare
*Rare
'''Pigs'''
'''Pigs'''
*Important condition as 35% pigs are asymptomatic carriers
*Important condition, 35% pigs are asymptomatic carriers
*First signs of infestation appear on the ears before spreading to the rest of the body
*First signs of infestation appear on the ears before spreading to the rest of the body
*Infestation adversely affects productivity
*Infestation adversely affects productivity
'''Cattle'''
'''Cattle'''
*Infestation adversely affects productivity
*Infestation adversely affects productivity
'''Sheep'''
'''Sheep'''
*Causes considerable hide damage in local African breeds of long haired sheep
*Causes considerable hide damage in local African breeds of long haired sheep
'''Horses'''
'''Horses'''
*Lesions begin on head, neck and shoulders then spread to rest of body
*Lesions begin on head, neck and shoulders then spread to rest of body
====''Knemidocoptes''====
====''Knemidocoptes''====
*Life cycle similar to ''Sarcoptes spp.''
*Life cycle similar to ''Sarcoptes spp.''
*Diagnosis based on clinical signs and discovery of mites
*Diagnosis based on
**Clinical signs
**Discovery of mites
*Repeat treatments with [[Ectoparasiticides|acaricides]] needed
*Repeat treatments with [[Ectoparasiticides|acaricides]] needed
**Few products licensed for use in poultry
**Few products licensed for use in poultry
'''Recognition'''
'''Recognition'''
*Small, round mite
*Small, round mite
*''K. pilae''
*''K. pilae''
**Scaly face and beak in psittacines
**Scaly face and beak in psittacines
**Mites attack bare or lightly feather areas of the face, beak, cere and body
**Mites attack bare or lightly feathered areas of the face, beak, cere and body
**Scaliness at the base of the beak is the first sign which then spreads
**Scaliness at the base of the beak is the first sign which then spreads
**Little pruritus
**Little pruritus
===''Trixacarus''===
===''Trixacarus''===
*Transmission is due to close contact between mother and offspring
*Transmission is due to close contact between mother and offspring
===''Demodex''===
===''Demodex''===
*''Demodex'' spp. found on all domestic mammals and in humans
*''Demodex spp.'' found on all domestic mammals and in humans
**Each host has its own species
**Each host has its own species
*Causes [[Parasitic skin infections - Pathology#Demodicosis|demodecosis]]
*Causes [[Parasitic skin infections - Pathology#Demodicosis|demodecosis]]
'''Recognition'''
'''Recognition'''
*Long and narrow to fit into hair follicles
*Long and narrow to fit into hair follicles
'''Life Cycle'''
'''Life cycle'''
*Live as commensal organisms
*Live as commensal organisms
*Live in hair follicles and in sebaceous glands
*Live in hair follicles and in sebaceous glands
*Life cycle takes 3 weeks
*Life cycle takes '''3 weeks'''
'''Pathogenesis and epidemiology'''
'''Pathogenesis and Epidemiology'''
'''Dogs'''
*Initial infection is slight hair loss which may resolve spontaneously or could spread over the body
*Initial infection is slight hair loss which may resolve spontaneously or could spread over the body
*Follicular/pustular demodecosis
*Follicular/pustular demodecosis
**More serious
**More serious
**Skin invasion by ''Staphylococci''
**Skin invasion by ''staphylococci''
**Skin becomes wrinkled, thickened and contains pustules which ooze serum, blood or pus
**Skin becomes wrinkled, thickened and contains pustules which ooze serum, blood or pus
**Affected animals may be seriously disfigured
**Affected animals may be seriously disfigured
**Immunosuppression
**Immunosuppression
**Immunosuppressant therapy
**Immunosuppressant therapy
'''Cats'''
'''Cats'''
*Mild squamous type only
*Mild squamous type only
'''Cattle'''
'''Cattle'''
*Affects hide quality
*Affects hide quality
**Economically important in Australia
**Economically important in Australia
'''Goats'''
'''Goats'''
*Disease similar to that in cattle
*Disease similar to that in cattle
'''Pigs, Sheep and Horses'''
'''Pigs, Sheep and Horses'''
*Rare
*Rare
'''Diagnosis'''
'''Diagnosis'''
*Liquid paraffin applied to a skin fold
*Liquid paraffin applied to a skin fold
*Deep skin scraping
*Deep skin scraping
'''Control'''
'''Control'''
*To aid [[Ectoparasiticides|acaricide]] penetration, clipping a dog's coat and washing is recommended
*To aid [[Ectoparasiticides|acaricide]] penetration, clipping a dog's coat and washing is recommended
===''Notoedres''===
===''Notoedres''===
*Known as feline scabies
*Known as feline scabies
*Also common ectoparasites of tropical bats
*Also common ectoparasite of tropical bats
*Parasite of cats, rats, man and rabbits
*Parasite of cats, rats, man and rabbits
'''Recognition'''
'''Recognition'''
*Less distinct angles on body surface
*Less distinct angles on body surface
*Females have suckers on legs one and two
*Females have suckers on legs 1 and 2
*Females are about 225μm in length and males 150μm
*Females are about 225μm in length and males 150μm
*Anal opening is distinctly dorsal (not posterior)
*Anal opening is distinctly dorsal (not posterior)
'''Pathogenesis'''
'''Pathogenesis'''
*Hypersensitivity reaction may occur
*Hypersensitivity reaction may occur
'''Diagnosis'''
'''Diagnosis'''
*A single nest in a scraping may yield many mites
*A single nest in a scraping may yield many mites
==Non-Burrowing Mites==
==Non-Burrowing Mites==
*Feed on either skin scales and tissue or suck blood
*Feed on either skin scales and tissue or suck blood
===''Psoroptes''===
===''Psoroptes''===
*In [[Parasitic skin infections - Pathology#Psoroptic mites|psoroptic skin infestation]]
*In [[Parasitic skin infections - Pathology#Psoroptic mites|psoroptic skin infestation]]
'''Recognition'''
'''Recognition'''
*1-2mm in length
*1-2mm in length
'''Life Cycle'''
'''Life cycle'''
*Confined to skin surface
*Confined to skin surface
*Feed on serous exudate by siphoning
*Feed on serous exudate by siphoning
*Adult female can lay up to 100 eggs during her life time (one month)
*Adult female can lay up to 100 eggs during her life time (1 month)
*10 day life cycle
*10 day life cycle
*2 nymphal stages
*2 nymphal stages
====''Psoroptes cuniculi''====
====''Psoroptes cuniculi''====
*Parasite of rabbits
*Parasite of rabbits
*Adapted to living in an aural environment
*Adapted to living in an aural environment
'''Pathogenesis'''
'''Pathogenesis'''
*The ears are painful and itch intensely
*The ears are painful and intensely pruritic
*Affected rabbits shake their heads and scratch their ears
*Affected rabbits shake their heads and scratch their ears
*Histologically, there is chronic erosive and proliferative eosinophilic dermatitis
*Histologically, there is chronic erosive and proliferative eosinophilic dermatitis
**The mites are non-burrowing and thus are found only in the exudate, not in the tissue
**The mites are non-burrowing and thus are found only in the exudate, not in the tissue
'''Diagnosis'''
'''Diagnosis'''
*Appearance
*Appearance
'''Control'''
'''Control'''
*Infestations are difficult to eliminate from a colony
*Infestations are difficult to eliminate from a colony
**Ivermectin is usually effective
**Ivermectin is usually effective
====''Psoroptes ovis''====
====''Psoroptes ovis''====