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| {{unfinished}} | | {{unfinished}} |
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| + | {{dog}} |
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| ==Signalment== | | ==Signalment== |
− | Familial predisposition including Doberman pinscher, Bedlington Terrier, Cocker Spaniel, Dalmation, Skye Terrier, Poodle, Labrador Retriever, German Shepherd Dog, Scottish Terrier, Beagle.
| + | *Common in dogs, especially young to middle-aged dogs. |
| + | *Mixed and purebred dogs are affected but there is a familial predisposition in |
| + | **Doberman pinscher |
| + | **Bedlington Terrier |
| + | **Cocker Spaniel |
| + | **Dalmation |
| + | **Skye Terrier |
| + | **Poodle |
| + | **Labrador Retriever |
| + | **German Shepherd Dog |
| + | **Scottish Terrier |
| + | **Beagle |
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| ==Description== | | ==Description== |
− | Chronic hepatitis is an inflammatory-necrotising disease of at least 6 months duration. It predominantly consists of lymphocytic-plasmacytic inflammatory infiltration. A number of causes include: | + | Chronic hepatitis is an inflammatory-necrotising disease of at least 6 months duration. It is characterised by hepatocellular apoptosis or necrosis, a variable mononuclear or mixed inflammatory cell infiltrate, regeneration and fibrosis (1). It predominantly consists of lymphocytic-plasmacytic inflammatory infiltration. |
− | *Copper accumulation | + | |
− | *Drugs | + | A number of aetiologies include: |
− | *Infections | + | *Familial predisposition |
| + | *Copper accumulation (copper storage disease) |
| + | *Chronic drug therapy |
| + | *Infectious for examplae infectious canine hepatitis- |
| + | *Autoimmune or steroid responsive disorder |
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| ==Diagnosis== | | ==Diagnosis== |
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| ===Imaging=== | | ===Imaging=== |
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− | ===Biopsy=== | + | ===Histopathology=== |
| This is required for definitive diagnosis. Histology reveals lymphoplasmacellular inflammation and necrosis of the hepatocytes adjacent to the portal tracts. | | This is required for definitive diagnosis. Histology reveals lymphoplasmacellular inflammation and necrosis of the hepatocytes adjacent to the portal tracts. |
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| ==Prognosis== | | ==Prognosis== |
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| + | ==References== |
| + | *(1) Van den Ingh, TSGAM et. al. (2006). Morphological classification of parenchymal disorders of the canine and feline liver. In Rothuizen J et. al., editors: WSAVA standards for clinical and histological diagnosis of canine and feline liver disease, Oxford, England, Saunders. |