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==Treatment==
==Treatment==
===Surgery===
Complete tumour excision with oesophageal anastomosis is frequently problematic due to difficulties obtaining complete margins and complications of reconstruction. There can also be complications in the healing of particularly the thoracic oesophagus. Oesophageal bouginage can reduce signs such as regurgitation. Oesophagotomy and gastrostomy tubes can also be used for short term palliation.
===Chemotherapy===
Rarely reported.
===Radiotherpy===
Limited in the thoracic oesophagus due to poor tolerance of the heart, lungs and other surrounding tissues.
==Prognosis==
==Prognosis==
Often poor as are usually advanced on time of diagnosis therefore resection options are poor. In addition, metastatic rate is high: malignant tumours are locally invasive and metastasis occurs via draining lymph nodes, haematogenous spread to distant areas.
Often poor as are usually advanced on time of diagnosis therefore resection options are poor. In addition, metastatic rate is high: malignant tumours are locally invasive and metastasis occurs via draining lymph nodes, haematogenous spread to distant areas.
==References==