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Peritonitis - Cats and Dogs (view source)
Revision as of 15:37, 18 August 2009
, 15:37, 18 August 2009no edit summary
==Description==
==Description==
Peritonitis is defined as the inflammation of the peritoneum. Peritonitis can be septic or non-septic. Septic peritonitis results from free bacteria in the peritoneal cavity, caused by perforating injuries to the gastrointestnal tract due to foreign bodies, necrosis secondary to obstruction or intussusception. Non-septic, also known as chemical peritonitis, may be the result of leakage of bile, urine or pancreatic enzymes. However, non-septic peritonitis can cause septic peritonitis, for example cases where septic urine is present.
Peritonitis is defined as the inflammation of the peritoneum. Peritonitis can be septic or non-septic. Septic peritonitis results from free bacteria in the peritoneal cavity, caused by perforating injuries to the gastrointestnal tract due to foreign bodies, necrosis secondary to obstruction or intussusception. Non-septic, also known as chemical peritonitis, may be the result of leakage of bile, urine or pancreatic enzymes. However, non-septic peritonitis can cause septic peritonitis, for example cases where septic urine is present.
==Diagnosis==
==Diagnosis==
===Laboratory Tests===
===Laboratory Tests===
====Haematology====
====Haematology====
*Significant leucocytosis or leucopaenia
====Biochemistry====
====Biochemistry====
*Hypoglycaemia
*Hypoglycaemia
*Increased lactate concentration
*Increased lactate concentration
===Diagnostic Imaging===
===Diagnostic Imaging===
===Histopathology===
*Abdominal fluid collected for laboartory analysis via abdominocentesis. The fluid should be stained for intracellular bacteria and assessed for:
**amylase and lipase for pancreatitis
**bile for biliary leak
**creatinine for urine
**glucose (2.8 mmol/l) and lactate (>5.5 mmol/l) for sepsis
==Treatment==
It is vital to identify cases which require emergency surgical intervention. Any of the following is a major indication:
*positive for intracellular bacteria.
*free gas visible in the abdominal radiograph.
*presence of penetrating injuries in the abdomen.
===Histopathology===
===Fluid therapy===
*Aggressive fluid therapy with crystalloid and colloid should be given on initial presentation to improve haemodynamic parameter.
*Fluid therapy is also very important in the postoperative period.
===Analgesia===
*Opiods should be given.
==Treatment==
===Antimicrobial===
*It is vital to identify cases which require emergency surgical intervention. Any of the following is a major indication:
*Broad spectrum antibiotics should be given, preferably following culture and sensitivity test.