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**[[Canine Breeds - WikiNormals#Utility Group|Standard Poodle]]

**[[Canine Breeds - WikiNormals#Utility Group|Standard Poodle]]

**[[Canine Breeds - WikiNormals#Working Group|Boxer]]

**[[Canine Breeds - WikiNormals#Working Group|Boxer]]

==Description==

==Description==

'''Insulinomas''' are slow growing, well-encapsulated, functional tumours of the [[Pancreas - Anatomy & Physiology#Endocrine|beta cells]] of the pancreatic islet cells.  They secrete inappropriately high amount of [[Pancreas - Anatomy & Physiology#Insulin|insulin]] irrespective of the serum glucose level.  They are predominantly [[Neoplasia - Pathology#Classification|malignant]] (90% of canine insulinomas), with a high metastatic rate to regional [[Lymph Nodes - Pathology|lymph nodes]], [[Liver - Anatomy & Physiology|liver]] and omentum.  60% of isulinomas are [[Neoplasia - Pathology#Nomenclature|carcinomas]], which are more likely to be endocrinologically active, the others being [[Neoplasia - Pathology#Nomenclature|adenomas]].

'''Insulinomas''' are slow growing, well-encapsulated, functional tumours of the [[Pancreas - Anatomy & Physiology#Endocrine|beta cells]] of the pancreatic islet cells.  They secrete inappropriately high amount of [[Pancreas - Anatomy & Physiology#Insulin|insulin]] irrespective of the serum glucose level.  They are predominantly [[Neoplasia - Pathology#Classification|malignant]] (90% of canine insulinomas), with a high metastatic rate to regional [[Lymph Nodes - Pathology|lymph nodes]], [[Liver - Anatomy & Physiology|liver]] and omentum.  60% of isulinomas are [[Neoplasia - Pathology#Nomenclature|carcinomas]], which are more likely to be endocrinologically active, the others being [[Neoplasia - Pathology#Nomenclature|adenomas]].

==Diagnosis==

==Diagnosis==

For pathology see [[Endocrine Pancreas - Pathology|Insulinoma]]

For pathology see [[Endocrine Pancreas - Pathology|Insulinoma]]

===Diagnostic Imaging===

===Diagnostic Imaging===

====Ultrasonography====

====Ultrasonography====

Occasionally, it may be possible to visualise the location of the tumour on the [[Pancreas - Anatomy & Physiology|pancreas]].  However, this may not always be possible, especially if the tumour is too small.  Metastases to [[Lymph Nodes - Anatomy & Physiology|lymph nodes]] and [[Liver - Anatomy & Physiology|liver]] can sometimes be seen.

Occasionally, it may be possible to visualise the location of the tumour on the [[Pancreas - Anatomy & Physiology|pancreas]].  However, this may not always be possible, especially if the tumour is too small.  Metastases to [[Lymph Nodes - Anatomy & Physiology|lymph nodes]] and [[Liver - Anatomy & Physiology|liver]] can sometimes be seen.

==Treatment==

==Treatment==

===Surgery===

===Surgery===

A partial pancreatectomy is suitable for patients with a solitary tumour, provided there is no metastasis.  Complications such as persistent hypoglycaemia, [[Pancreatitis - WikiClinical|pancreatitis]], diabetes mellitus, epilepsy and diffuse polyneuropathy can occur.

A partial pancreatectomy is suitable for patients with a solitary tumour, provided there is no metastasis.  Complications such as persistent hypoglycaemia, [[Pancreatitis - WikiClinical|pancreatitis]], diabetes mellitus, epilepsy and diffuse polyneuropathy can occur.

==Prognosis==

==Prognosis==