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→Techniques Involved in Pathological Examination
====Techniques Involved in Pathological Examination====
====Techniques Involved in Pathological Examination====
* '''Fluid examination'''
** E.g. blood, urine, discharges from orifices and so on.
* '''Cytology'''
** Examination of cells in smears, aspirates and fluids.
* '''Necropsy'''
** Visual examination of the gross changes in the dead body.
* '''Histopathology'''
** Microscopic examination of:
*** Tissues selected from the dead body after necropsy.
*** Biopsy/excision materials from lesions in the living animal.
5. Histochemistry - microscopic visualisation of enzymatic activity in tissues.
6. Immunological methods - detection of specific antibody activity in tissues and fluids.
When linked to a marking agent i.e. a fluorescent dye or other
substance, it can localise in the tissue the antigen for that
particular antibody.
Examination of serum can show prior exposure to a particular
infectious agent.
7. Electronmicroscopy - fine detail of the surfaces or internal structures of cells.
8. Bacteriology /Virology/Parasitology - isolation and identification of pathogenic
bacteria/viruses/parasites.
9. Toxicology - analysis of tissues for particular poisons and toxins.
==Degenerations and Infiltrations==
==Degenerations and Infiltrations==