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Small Intestine - Anatomy & Physiology - Flashcards (view source)

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{{toplink
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|backcolour =BCED91
   
|linkpage =Alimentary - Anatomy & Physiology
 
|linkpage =Alimentary - Anatomy & Physiology
 
|linktext =Alimentary System
 
|linktext =Alimentary System
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|subtext2=SMALL INTESTINE
 
|subtext2=SMALL INTESTINE
 
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<br>
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<FlashCard questions="22">
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{| border="3" cellpadding="8"
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|q1=From which embyronic germ layer does the tunica muscularis develop?
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!width="400"|'''Question'''
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|a1=Splanchnic mesoderm
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!width="400"|'''Answer'''
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|l1=Small Intestine - Anatomy & Physiology#Development
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!width="150"|'''Article'''
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|q2=In development, how many degrees does the loop of gut rotate?
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|-
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|a2=270
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|<big>'''From which embyronic germ layer does the tunica muscularis develop?'''
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|l2=Small Intestine - Anatomy & Physiology#Development
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||<font color="white"> <big>
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|q3=Where is the myenteric plexus?
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*'''''Splanchnic mesoderm'''''
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|a3=Between the inner circular and outer longitudinal muscle layers of the tunica muscularis
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||[[Small Intestine - Anatomy & Physiology#Development|<span title="Answer article">Link to Answer Article</span>]]
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|l3=Small Intestine - Anatomy & Physiology#Structure
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|-
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|q4=What are the functions of the small intestine?
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|<big>'''In development, how many degrees does the loop of gut rotate?'''
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|a4=Mixing, transportation, digestion and absorption
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||<font color="white"> <big>
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|l4=Small Intestine - Anatomy & Physiology#Function
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*'''''270'''''
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|q5=Name the two types of muscle contraction in the small intestine.
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||[[Small Intestine - Anatomy & Physiology#Development|<span title="Answer article">Link to Answer Article</span>]]
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|a5=Segemental and peristaltic
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|-
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|l5=Small Intestine - Anatomy & Physiology#To mix content and transport chyme
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|<big>'''Where is the myenteric plexus?'''
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|q6=What is the migrating myoelectric complex?
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||<font color="white"> <big>
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|a6=The peristaltic wave of contraction moves from the duodenum to the ileum
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*'''''Between the inner circular and outer longitudinal muscle layers of the tunica muscularis'''''
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|l6=Small Intestine - Anatomy & Physiology#To mix content and transport chyme
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||[[Small Intestine - Anatomy & Physiology#Structure|<span title="Answer article">Link to Answer Article</span>]]
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|q7=What is the main structural difference between amylopectin and glycogen?
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|-
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|a7=Both have α1-4 and α1-6 glycosidic bonds but glycogen has more α1-6 links, with shorter side chains
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|<big>'''What are the functions of the small intestine?'''
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|l7=Small Intestine - Anatomy & Physiology#Carbohydrate Digestion and Absorption
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||<font color="white"> <big>
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|q8=What are the products of α-amylase digestion?
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*'''''Mixing, transportation, digestion and absorption'''''
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|a8=Di-, tri-, and oligo-saccharides
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||[[Small Intestine - Anatomy & Physiology#Function|<span title="Answer article">Link to Answer Article</span>]]
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|l8=Small Intestine - Anatomy & Physiology#Carbohydrate Digestion and Absorption
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|-
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|q9=Describe the mechanism of glucose absorption.
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|<big>'''Name the two types of muscle contraction in the small intestine.'''
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|a9=Na+/K+ pumps pump Na+ into the lumen. Na+ diffuses back into the enterocyte through a SGLT-1 symport which releases energy. Energy is used to transport glucose into the enterocyte up its concentration gradient.
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||<font color="white"> <big>
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|l9=Small Intestine - Anatomy & Physiology#Carbohydrate Digestion and Absorption
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*'''''Segemental and peristaltic'''''
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|q10=Which GLUT allows glucose to diffuse from the enterocyte to the blood?
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||[[Small Intestine - Anatomy & Physiology#To mix content and transport chyme|<span title="Answer article">Link to Answer Article</span>]]
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|a10=GLUT 5
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|-
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|l10=Small Intestine - Anatomy & Physiology#Carbohydrate Digestion and Absorption
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|<big>'''What is the migrating myoelectric complex?'''
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|q11=Where does TAG digestion begin and with which enzyme?
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||<font color="white"> <big>
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|a11=Oral cavity with lingual lipase
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*'''''The peristaltic wave of contraction moves from the duodenum to the ileum'''''
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|l11=Small Intestine - Anatomy & Physiology#Triacylglycerol Digestion and Absorption
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||[[Small Intestine - Anatomy & Physiology#To mix content and transport chyme|<span title="Answer article">Link to Answer Article</span>]]
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|q12=What are the functions of bile?
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|-
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|a12=(i) emulsifies fat (ii) creates an interface for pancreatic lipase to digest water insoluble fat
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|<big>'''What is the main structural difference between amylopectin and glycogen?'''
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|l12=Small Intestine - Anatomy & Physiology#Triacylglycerol Digestion and Absorption
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||<font color="white"> <big>
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|q13=What positions can pancreatic lipase remove fatty acids from glycerol?
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*'''''Both have α1-4 and α1-6 glycosidic bonds but glycogen has more α1-6 links, with shorter side chains'''''
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|a13=1 and 3
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||[[Small Intestine - Anatomy & Physiology#Carbohydrate Digestion and Absorption|<span title="Answer article">Link to Answer Article</span>]]
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|l13=Small Intestine - Anatomy & Physiology#Triacylglycerol Digestion and Absorption
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|-
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|q14=What is the rate limiting step in TAG digestion?
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|<big>'''What are the products of α-amylase digestion?'''
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|a14=Isomerase reaction
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||<font color="white"> <big>
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|l14=Small Intestine - Anatomy & Physiology#Triacylglycerol Digestion and Absorption
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*'''''Di-, tri-, and oligo-saccharides'''''
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|q15=How do TAG leave the enterocyte?
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||[[Small Intestine - Anatomy & Physiology#Carbohydrate Digestion and Absorption|<span title="Answer article">Link to Answer Article</span>]]
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|a15=In chylomicrons through lacteals into the lymph
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|-
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|l15=Small Intestine - Anatomy & Physiology#Triacylglycerol Digestion and Absorption
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|<big>'''Describe the mechanism of glucose absorption.'''
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|q16=Where does protein digestion begin and with which enzyme?
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||<font color="white"> <big>
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|a16=Stomach, with pepsin
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*'''''Na+/K+ pumps pump Na+ into the lumen. Na+ diffuses back into the enterocyte through a SGLT-1 symport which releases energy. Energy is used to transport glucose into the enterocyte up its concentration gradient.'''''
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|l16=Small Intestine - Anatomy & Physiology#Protein Digestion and Absorption
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||[[Small Intestine - Anatomy & Physiology#Carbohydrate Digestion and Absorption|<span title="Answer article">Link to Answer Article</span>]]
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|q17=Name three endopeptidases present in the small intestine.
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|-
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|a17=Trypsin, chymotrypsin and elastase
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|<big>'''Which GLUT allows glucose to diffuse from the enterocyte to the blood?'''
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|l17=Small Intestine - Anatomy & Physiology#Protein Digestion and Absorption
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||<font color="white"> <big>
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|q18=Where are carboxypeptidases produced?
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*'''''GLUT 5'''''
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|a18=In the pancreas, as zymogens
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||[[Small Intestine - Anatomy & Physiology#Carbohydrate Digestion and Absorption|<span title="Answer article">Link to Answer Article</span>]]
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|l18=Small Intestine - Anatomy & Physiology#Protein Digestion and Absorption
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|-
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|q19=How are di-, tri-, and oligo-peptides absorbed?
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|<big>'''Where does TAG digestion begin and with which enzyme?'''
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|a19=γ Glutamyl cycle
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||<font color="white"> <big>
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|l19=Small Intestine - Anatomy & Physiology#Protein Digestion and Absorption
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*'''''Oral cavity with lingual lipase'''''
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|q20=Where effect does parasympathetic innervation have in the small intestine?
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||[[Small Intestine - Anatomy & Physiology#Triacylglycerol Digestion and Absorption|<span title="Answer article">Link to Answer Article</span>]]
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|a20=Increased motility and secretion
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|-
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|l20=Small Intestine - Anatomy & Physiology#Regulation & Control
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|<big>'''What are the functions of bile?'''
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|q21=Where are Brunner's glands located?
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||<font color="white"> <big>
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|a21=Submucosa of duodenum
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*'''''(i) emulsifies fat (ii) creates an interface for pancreatic lipase to digest water insoluble fat'''''
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|l21=Small Intestine - Anatomy & Physiology#Histology
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||[[Small Intestine - Anatomy & Physiology#Triacylglycerol Digestion and Absorption|<span title="Answer article">Link to Answer Article</span>]]
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|q22=Name three cell types present in the muscosal crypts
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|-
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|a22=(i)Goblet (ii)Entero-endocrine (iii) Paneth
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|<big>'''What positions can pancreatic lipase remove fatty acids from glycerol?'''
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|l22=Small Intestine - Anatomy & Physiology#Histology
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||<font color="white"> <big>
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</FlashCard>
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*'''''1 and 3'''''
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||[[Small Intestine - Anatomy & Physiology#Triacylglycerol Digestion and Absorption|<span title="Answer article">Link to Answer Article</span>]]
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|-
  −
|<big>'''What is the rate limiting step in TAG digestion?'''
  −
||<font color="white"> <big>
  −
*'''''Isomerase reaction'''''
  −
||[[Small Intestine - Anatomy & Physiology#Triacylglycerol Digestion and Absorption|<span title="Answer article">Link to Answer Article</span>]]
  −
|-
  −
|<big>'''How do TAG leave the enterocyte?'''
  −
||<font color="white"> <big>
  −
*'''''In chylomicrons through lacteals into the lymph'''''
  −
||[[Small Intestine - Anatomy & Physiology#Triacylglycerol Digestion and Absorption|<span title="Answer article">Link to Answer Article</span>]]
  −
|-
  −
|<big>'''Where does protein digestion begin and with which enzyme?'''
  −
||<font color="white"> <big>
  −
*'''''Stomach, with pepsin'''''
  −
||[[Small Intestine - Anatomy & Physiology#Protein Digestion and Absorption|<span title="Answer article">Link to Answer Article</span>]]
  −
|-
  −
|<big>'''Name three endopeptidases present in the small intestine.'''
  −
||<font color="white"> <big>
  −
*'''''Trypsin, chymotrypsin and elastase'''''
  −
||[[Small Intestine - Anatomy & Physiology#Protein Digestion and Absorption|<span title="Answer article">Link to Answer Article</span>]]
  −
|-
  −
|<big>'''Where are carboxypeptidases produced?'''
  −
||<font color="white"> <big>
  −
*'''''In the pancreas, as zymogens'''''
  −
||[[Small Intestine - Anatomy & Physiology#Protein Digestion and Absorption|<span title="Answer article">Link to Answer Article</span>]]
  −
|-
  −
|<big>'''How are di-, tri-, and oligo-peptides absorbed?'''
  −
||<font color="white"> <big>
  −
*'''''γ Glutamyl cycle'''''
  −
||[[Small Intestine - Anatomy & Physiology#Protein Digestion and Absorption|<span title="Answer article">Link to Answer Article</span>]]
  −
|-
  −
|<big>'''Where effect does parasympathetic innervation have in the small intestine?'''
  −
||<font color="white"> <big>
  −
*'''''Increased motility and secretion'''''
  −
||[[Small Intestine - Anatomy & Physiology#Regulation & Control|<span title="Answer article">Link to Answer Article</span>]]
  −
|-
  −
|<big>'''Where are Brunner's glands located?'''
  −
||<font color="white"> <big>
  −
*'''''Submucosa of duodenum'''''
  −
||[[Small Intestine - Anatomy & Physiology#Histology|<span title="Answer article">Link to Answer Article</span>]]
  −
|-
  −
|<big>'''Name three cell types present in the muscosal crypts'''
  −
||<font color="white"> <big>
  −
*'''''(i)Goblet (ii)Entero-endocrine (iii) Paneth'''''
  −
||[[Small Intestine - Anatomy & Physiology#Histology|<span title="Answer article">Link to Answer Article</span>]]
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|}
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<br>
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<br>
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<big><center>[[Alimentary - Anatomy & Physiology|'''BACK TO THE ALIMENTARY SYSTEM''']]</center></big>
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<big><center>[[Alimentary - Anatomy & Physiology - Flashcards|'''BACK TO ALIMENTARY FLASHCARDS''']]</center></big>
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<big><center>[[Small Intestine - Anatomy & Physiology|'''BACK TO THE SMALL INTESTINE''']]</center></big>
 
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