Changes

*Atropine as a premedicant is considered unnecessary except in small reptiles since salivary excretions are generally not a problem.

*Atropine as a premedicant is considered unnecessary except in small reptiles since salivary excretions are generally not a problem.

*Intake of food and water should be monitored so that they can later be used to assess the postoperative recovery. As regurgitation is rare in these patients, starvation is not necessary, although regurgitation is more likely to occur in a snake that has recently fed.  

*Intake of food and water should be monitored so that they can later be used to assess the postoperative recovery.  

** Lizards: as regurgitation is rare in these patients, starvation is not necessary.

** Regurgitation is more likely to occur in a snake that has recently fed, therefore fasting is recommended if the snake's condition allows. Duration is related to size of animal and frequency of feeding; this may be from 12 hours upwards.  

*The use of water baths or electrolyte solutions in the days prior to a procedure may be beneficial in ensuring that a suitable state of hydration is present.  

*The use of water baths or electrolyte solutions in the days prior to a procedure may be beneficial in ensuring that a suitable state of hydration is present.  

*As in any species, stress should be kept to a minimum, and preplacing a catheter before induction is recommended.  

*As in any species, stress should be kept to a minimum, and preplacing a catheter before induction is recommended.