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Created page with 'thumb|right|150px|Horse Bot Fly - Dennis Ray - Wikimedia Commons *Also known as the horse bot fly *Obligate parasites of equids *Spend most of life …'
[[Image:Horse Bot Fly.jpg|thumb|right|150px|Horse Bot Fly - Dennis Ray - Wikimedia Commons]]
*Also known as the horse bot fly
*Obligate parasites of equids
*Spend most of life cycle in the equine stomach
**Of little pathogenic significance
*Three important species (in the UK)
**''G. intestinalis'' which is the most common
**''G. nasalis''
**''G. haemorrhoidalis'' which is rare
*Two other important veterinary species
**''G. nigricornis''
**''G. inermis''
'''Recognition'''
*Medium to large flies at 10-20mm long
*Look similar to drone bumble bees
**Body covered with dense yellow hair
**Dark coloured hairs produce a banding pattern
*Clear wings with brown patches
'''Life cycle'''
*Adults are most active in '''late summer'''
*Eggs are laid on the body and hatch spontaneously or are stimulated to hatch through an increase in warmth and moisture from the animal self-grooming. They are laid in different areas according to species
**''G. intestinalis'' eggs are laid in the hair of the shoulders and fore legs
**''G. nasalis'' eggs are laid in the intermandibular area
**''G. haemorrhoidalis'' eggs are laid around the lips
*Creamy-white eggs
*1-2mm in length
*Larvae crawl into the mouth and penetrate the tissues of the tongue and buccal mucosa
*Larvae then emerge after a couple of weeks and are swallowed
*Larvae pass into the [[Forestomach - Anatomy & Physiology|stomach]] and attach to the gastric mucosa
**Larvae are now known as '''bots'''
*Each species attaches to a specific part of the stomach
**''G. intestinalis'' attaches to the cardiac region
**''G. nasalis'' attaches to the pylorus
*After 10-12 months in the stomach, the larvae detach and are passed out in the faeces
**''G. haemorrhoidalis'' attaches to the rectal mucosa before being passed out
*Larvae pupate on the ground
*Adults hatch after 1-2 months and survive from a few days to 2 weeks
**Adults have non-functional mouthparts so cannot feed
*There is only '''1 generation per year''' in temperate regions of the world
'''Pathogenesis'''
*Adults cause annoyance when egg laying
**Disturbance and panic can ensue
*Larvae cause a marked inflammatory reaction when attached to the gastric mucosa
**Ring like thickening around the base of each attached larvae
*Large numbers of larvae may interfere with the passage of food and action of gastric sphincters
*''G. haemorrhoidalis'' can cause mild irritation to the rectal wall
*Host reaction to larvae in the mouth is minimal
'''Control'''
*Treatment of horses with [[Ectoparasiticides|insecticides]] over winter
**Breaks the life cycle as all the population are present as bots in the [[Forestomach - Anatomy & Physiology|stomach]]
*If eggs are present in late summer, the horse's coat can be sponged with an [[Ectoparasiticides|insecticide]]
**Stimulates hatching
**Kills larvae
[[Category:Parasites]][[Category:Flies]][[Category:Myiasis_Producing_Flies]]
*Also known as the horse bot fly
*Obligate parasites of equids
*Spend most of life cycle in the equine stomach
**Of little pathogenic significance
*Three important species (in the UK)
**''G. intestinalis'' which is the most common
**''G. nasalis''
**''G. haemorrhoidalis'' which is rare
*Two other important veterinary species
**''G. nigricornis''
**''G. inermis''
'''Recognition'''
*Medium to large flies at 10-20mm long
*Look similar to drone bumble bees
**Body covered with dense yellow hair
**Dark coloured hairs produce a banding pattern
*Clear wings with brown patches
'''Life cycle'''
*Adults are most active in '''late summer'''
*Eggs are laid on the body and hatch spontaneously or are stimulated to hatch through an increase in warmth and moisture from the animal self-grooming. They are laid in different areas according to species
**''G. intestinalis'' eggs are laid in the hair of the shoulders and fore legs
**''G. nasalis'' eggs are laid in the intermandibular area
**''G. haemorrhoidalis'' eggs are laid around the lips
*Creamy-white eggs
*1-2mm in length
*Larvae crawl into the mouth and penetrate the tissues of the tongue and buccal mucosa
*Larvae then emerge after a couple of weeks and are swallowed
*Larvae pass into the [[Forestomach - Anatomy & Physiology|stomach]] and attach to the gastric mucosa
**Larvae are now known as '''bots'''
*Each species attaches to a specific part of the stomach
**''G. intestinalis'' attaches to the cardiac region
**''G. nasalis'' attaches to the pylorus
*After 10-12 months in the stomach, the larvae detach and are passed out in the faeces
**''G. haemorrhoidalis'' attaches to the rectal mucosa before being passed out
*Larvae pupate on the ground
*Adults hatch after 1-2 months and survive from a few days to 2 weeks
**Adults have non-functional mouthparts so cannot feed
*There is only '''1 generation per year''' in temperate regions of the world
'''Pathogenesis'''
*Adults cause annoyance when egg laying
**Disturbance and panic can ensue
*Larvae cause a marked inflammatory reaction when attached to the gastric mucosa
**Ring like thickening around the base of each attached larvae
*Large numbers of larvae may interfere with the passage of food and action of gastric sphincters
*''G. haemorrhoidalis'' can cause mild irritation to the rectal wall
*Host reaction to larvae in the mouth is minimal
'''Control'''
*Treatment of horses with [[Ectoparasiticides|insecticides]] over winter
**Breaks the life cycle as all the population are present as bots in the [[Forestomach - Anatomy & Physiology|stomach]]
*If eggs are present in late summer, the horse's coat can be sponged with an [[Ectoparasiticides|insecticide]]
**Stimulates hatching
**Kills larvae
[[Category:Parasites]][[Category:Flies]][[Category:Myiasis_Producing_Flies]]