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Created page with '*Live on the skin surface *Feed on either skin scales and tissue or suck blood ''Psoroptes'' ===''Chorioptes bovis''=== *These cause [[Parasitic skin infecti…'
*Live on the skin surface
*Feed on either skin scales and tissue or suck blood
[[Psoroptes|''Psoroptes'']]
===''Chorioptes bovis''===
*These cause [[Parasitic skin infections - Pathology#Chorioptic mites|parasitic skin infestation]]
*Surface parasite of horses and cattle
*Less pathogenic than ''Psoroptes''
**Mouthparts cannot pierce the skin
*Life cycle takes '''3 weeks'''
'''Recognition'''
*Oval body
*Long legs
*Cup shaped suckers on '''unsegmented''' pedicels
*Females about 300μm in length
'''Pathogenesis'''
*Chorioptic mange
**Often seen in rough-legged horses with heavy feathering
**Induce crusty skin and lesions below the hocks and knees
*Mild condition in cattle
**Rubbing and scratching
**Hide damage
**Usually affects the base of the tail, perineum and udder
*Usually found on legs of sheep
**Mild condition
===''Otodectes cynotis''===
*Causes [[Parasitic skin infections - Pathology#Otodectic mites|otodectic skin infestation]]
*Commonest mange of dogs and cats in the world
*Inhabits the inner ear
*Also found in the fox and the ferret
*Closed keratinous bars ('''apodemes''') on ventral surface
*Life cycle takes '''3 weeks'''
*Feeds on ear debris
'''Pathogenesis'''
*The majority of cats harbour the mites, however only a few show symptoms
**Transmission occurs whilst kittens are suckling
*Common cause of [[Otitis Externa - Small Animal|otitis externa]] in dogs
*Brown waxy exudate produced
*Can lead to secondary infection
*Clinical signs are apparent
**Head shaking
**Ear scratching
**Aural haematomata
'''Treatment'''
*Acaracidal ear drops
**Massage base of ear to disperse drops after treatment
*Most treatments need to be repeated in 10-14 days to kill newly hatched mites
*Selamectin can be used as a spot-on treatment
**Prolonged duration of action
*Treat all in-contact animals
**These may be asymptomatic carriers
===''Cheyletiella spp.''===
*Surface mite of cats and dogs
*Also found on humans and rabbits
**''C.yasguri'' (dogs)
**''C.blakei'' (cats and humans)
**''C.parasitivorax'' (rabbits)
*Causes [[Parasitic skin infections - Pathology#Cheyletiellosis|parasitic skin infestation]]
'''Recognition'''
*Waisted body
*Claw like palps on head
*Combs at ends of legs
'''Pathogenesis'''
*Highly contagious
*Mild pathogenesis
*Causes very scaly dermatitis
*Can be transferred to humans
'''Diagnosis'''
*Clinical signs
**Excess scurf
*Brush scurf onto dark paper
**'Walking dandruff' as mites will move when present in large numbers
*Skin scrapings
*Hair pluckings from scaly areas
**Eggs may be present
===''Dermanyssus gallinae''===
*Red mite of poultry
*Spends most of time '''off''' the host
**Adults and nymphs visit poultry at night to feed
*Life cycle takes '''1 week'''
*Adults can survive several months without feeding so reservoirs can build up
'''Appearance'''
*Spider like mite with long legs
*White or grey
**Becomes red when engorged with blood after feeding
*Few hairs on body
*Hooks on legs
'''Pathogenesis'''
*Blood sucking mite
*Lesions usually found on the breast and legs
*Irritation, restlessness, decrease in egg production
*Anaemia can result if mites are present in large numbers
*Newly hatched chicks can rapidly die if infested
'''Treatment'''
*Acaricide
*Environmental treatment
*Remove wild bird nests
===''Ornithonyssus''===
*Also called the Northern mite or Northern feather mite
*Closely related to ''Dermanyssus''
*Hairy
*Spends entire life cycle '''on''' the host
*Occurs in caged birds and poultry
*Causes feathers to become matted and severe scabbing can develop
**Scabs particularly seen around the vent
*Decreases egg production
*Grey or black discolouration of feathers when large numbers of mites are present
===''Trombicula autumnalis''===
*Causes [[Parasitic skin infections - Pathology#Trombiculidiasis|parasitic skin infestation]]
*Also called the harvest mite
*Not host-specific
**Will parasitise any animal, including humans
*Only the larval stage is parasitic
**Nymphal and adult stages are free-living in the soil
*Mite numbers are highest in late summer in temperate climates
**Mite numbers are constant all year in tropical regions
'''Recognition'''
*Six legs
*Bright orange in colour
*Hairy
*No spiracles
**Breath through cuticle
'''Pathogenesis'''
*Larvae insert mouthparts into skin and inject cytolytic enzymes
*Feed on partly digested host tissue
*Causes irritation
*Can cause a hypersensitivity reaction
*Mites found on head, ears and flanks of pets
*Mites found on face and limbs of grazing animals (depending upon host height)
'''Control'''
*Very difficult; try to restrict access of animals to 'hot-spot' areas
'''Treatment'''
*Fipronil spray applied to affected areas
===''Leporacarus''===
*Known as the rabbit fur mite
*Found on rabbits (domestic and wild) and on hares
*Common
*Clings to individual hairs
*Feeds on sebaceous secretions and skin debris
*Non-pathogenic
*May cause dermatitis in humans handling infected animals
[[Category:Mites]]
*Feed on either skin scales and tissue or suck blood
[[Psoroptes|''Psoroptes'']]
===''Chorioptes bovis''===
*These cause [[Parasitic skin infections - Pathology#Chorioptic mites|parasitic skin infestation]]
*Surface parasite of horses and cattle
*Less pathogenic than ''Psoroptes''
**Mouthparts cannot pierce the skin
*Life cycle takes '''3 weeks'''
'''Recognition'''
*Oval body
*Long legs
*Cup shaped suckers on '''unsegmented''' pedicels
*Females about 300μm in length
'''Pathogenesis'''
*Chorioptic mange
**Often seen in rough-legged horses with heavy feathering
**Induce crusty skin and lesions below the hocks and knees
*Mild condition in cattle
**Rubbing and scratching
**Hide damage
**Usually affects the base of the tail, perineum and udder
*Usually found on legs of sheep
**Mild condition
===''Otodectes cynotis''===
*Causes [[Parasitic skin infections - Pathology#Otodectic mites|otodectic skin infestation]]
*Commonest mange of dogs and cats in the world
*Inhabits the inner ear
*Also found in the fox and the ferret
*Closed keratinous bars ('''apodemes''') on ventral surface
*Life cycle takes '''3 weeks'''
*Feeds on ear debris
'''Pathogenesis'''
*The majority of cats harbour the mites, however only a few show symptoms
**Transmission occurs whilst kittens are suckling
*Common cause of [[Otitis Externa - Small Animal|otitis externa]] in dogs
*Brown waxy exudate produced
*Can lead to secondary infection
*Clinical signs are apparent
**Head shaking
**Ear scratching
**Aural haematomata
'''Treatment'''
*Acaracidal ear drops
**Massage base of ear to disperse drops after treatment
*Most treatments need to be repeated in 10-14 days to kill newly hatched mites
*Selamectin can be used as a spot-on treatment
**Prolonged duration of action
*Treat all in-contact animals
**These may be asymptomatic carriers
===''Cheyletiella spp.''===
*Surface mite of cats and dogs
*Also found on humans and rabbits
**''C.yasguri'' (dogs)
**''C.blakei'' (cats and humans)
**''C.parasitivorax'' (rabbits)
*Causes [[Parasitic skin infections - Pathology#Cheyletiellosis|parasitic skin infestation]]
'''Recognition'''
*Waisted body
*Claw like palps on head
*Combs at ends of legs
'''Pathogenesis'''
*Highly contagious
*Mild pathogenesis
*Causes very scaly dermatitis
*Can be transferred to humans
'''Diagnosis'''
*Clinical signs
**Excess scurf
*Brush scurf onto dark paper
**'Walking dandruff' as mites will move when present in large numbers
*Skin scrapings
*Hair pluckings from scaly areas
**Eggs may be present
===''Dermanyssus gallinae''===
*Red mite of poultry
*Spends most of time '''off''' the host
**Adults and nymphs visit poultry at night to feed
*Life cycle takes '''1 week'''
*Adults can survive several months without feeding so reservoirs can build up
'''Appearance'''
*Spider like mite with long legs
*White or grey
**Becomes red when engorged with blood after feeding
*Few hairs on body
*Hooks on legs
'''Pathogenesis'''
*Blood sucking mite
*Lesions usually found on the breast and legs
*Irritation, restlessness, decrease in egg production
*Anaemia can result if mites are present in large numbers
*Newly hatched chicks can rapidly die if infested
'''Treatment'''
*Acaricide
*Environmental treatment
*Remove wild bird nests
===''Ornithonyssus''===
*Also called the Northern mite or Northern feather mite
*Closely related to ''Dermanyssus''
*Hairy
*Spends entire life cycle '''on''' the host
*Occurs in caged birds and poultry
*Causes feathers to become matted and severe scabbing can develop
**Scabs particularly seen around the vent
*Decreases egg production
*Grey or black discolouration of feathers when large numbers of mites are present
===''Trombicula autumnalis''===
*Causes [[Parasitic skin infections - Pathology#Trombiculidiasis|parasitic skin infestation]]
*Also called the harvest mite
*Not host-specific
**Will parasitise any animal, including humans
*Only the larval stage is parasitic
**Nymphal and adult stages are free-living in the soil
*Mite numbers are highest in late summer in temperate climates
**Mite numbers are constant all year in tropical regions
'''Recognition'''
*Six legs
*Bright orange in colour
*Hairy
*No spiracles
**Breath through cuticle
'''Pathogenesis'''
*Larvae insert mouthparts into skin and inject cytolytic enzymes
*Feed on partly digested host tissue
*Causes irritation
*Can cause a hypersensitivity reaction
*Mites found on head, ears and flanks of pets
*Mites found on face and limbs of grazing animals (depending upon host height)
'''Control'''
*Very difficult; try to restrict access of animals to 'hot-spot' areas
'''Treatment'''
*Fipronil spray applied to affected areas
===''Leporacarus''===
*Known as the rabbit fur mite
*Found on rabbits (domestic and wild) and on hares
*Common
*Clings to individual hairs
*Feeds on sebaceous secretions and skin debris
*Non-pathogenic
*May cause dermatitis in humans handling infected animals
[[Category:Mites]]