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This summary <ref> Percy, D.H. and Barthold, S.W. (2007). “Rat”, In: ''Pathology of laboratory rodents and rabbits''. Percy, D.H. and Barthold, S.W. (Eds.). Blackwell Publishing. pp. 125-178</ref><ref>''Pathology of the Fischer Rat'' (1990). Boorman, G.A., Eustis, S.L., Elwell, M.R., Montgomery Jr., C.A., MacKenzie, W.F., (Eds.). Academic Press Inc.</ref> is not comprehensive and it only aims to deal with peculiarities of rat anatomy and histology. The information on gross anatomy is from a reference on F344 rat and minor variations with other strains should be expected:
This summary <ref name="Percy"> Percy, D.H. and Barthold, S.W. (2007). “Rat”, In: ''Pathology of laboratory rodents and rabbits''. Percy, D.H. and Barthold, S.W. (Eds.). Blackwell Publishing. pp. 125-178</ref><ref name="Boorman">''Pathology of the Fischer Rat'' (1990). Boorman, G.A., Eustis, S.L., Elwell, M.R., Montgomery Jr., C.A., MacKenzie, W.F., (Eds.). Academic Press Inc.</ref> is not comprehensive and it only aims to deal with peculiarities of rat anatomy and histology. The information on gross anatomy is from a reference on F344 rat and minor variations with other strains should be expected:
===Nervous system===
===Nervous system===
===Digestive system===
===Digestive system===
[[Image:Ventral_neck_organs_rat.jpg|thumb|400px|Ventral neck organs in the rat.]]
[[Image:Ventral_neck_organs_rat.jpg|thumb|400px|Ventral neck organs in the rat <ref name="Boorman"/>.]]
'''''Oral cavity:''''' The dental formula of the rat is 2(I 1/1; M 3/3). Incisors are continuously erupting and are maintained at a constant length by attrition of occlusal surfaces. This results in total renewal every 40-50 days. Their yellow colour increases with age and is a result of iron containing pigments.
'''''Oral cavity:''''' The dental formula of the rat is 2(I 1/1; M 3/3). Incisors are continuously erupting and are maintained at a constant length by attrition of occlusal surfaces. This results in total renewal every 40-50 days. Their yellow colour increases with age and is a result of iron containing pigments.