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| | + | [[Streptococcus equi subsp. equi]] |
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| − | ===[[Respiratory Bacterial Infections - Pathology#Strangles|Strangles]]===
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| − | *Epidemiology
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| − | **[[Respiratory Bacterial Infections - Pathology#Strangles|Strangles]] is a highly infectious disease of horses caused by ''Streptococcus equi'' subsp. ''equi''
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| − | **[[Respiratory Bacterial Infections - Pathology#In Horses|upper respiratory tract disease of horses]] with fever and abscessation of regional lymph nodes
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| − | **Causes [[Nasal Cavity Inflammatory - Pathology#Strangles|rhinitis]], [[Nasopharynx Inflammatory - Pathology|pharyngitis]], lymphadenitis and [[Muscles Inflammatory - Pathology#Abscesses|myositis]]
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| − | **Outbreaks in groups of young horses
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| − | **Transmitted via purulent exudate discharging from upper respiratory tract or from lymph nodes
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| − | **Chronic, carrier state can occur with bacteria im the guttural pouch
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| − | **A mild, atypical form can occur
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| − | **''S. equi'' shed for 4 weeks beyond clinical resolution
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| − | *Clinical signs
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| − | **Incubation period 3 to 6 days
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| − | **Fever, depression, anorexia
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| − | **Purulent nasal discharge
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| − | **Swollen, painful regional lymph nodes, especially submandibular
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| − | **Abscessation and rupture of lymph nodes
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| − | **Guttural pouch empyema
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| − | **100% morbidity; 5% mortality
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| − | **Death can occur from pneumonia, breathing difficulties from swollen lymph nodes or [[Muscles Degenerative - Pathology#Ischaemia|purpura haemorrhagica]](an immune-mediated disease)
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| − | **Bastard strangle may occasionally occur, with abscessaation in many organs of the body
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| − | **''S. equi'' may be involved in [[Bacterial skin infections - Pathology#Systemic bacterial infections|cutaneous lesions]]
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| − | *Diagnosis
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| − | **Clinical signs and history
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| − | **Mucoid colonies with beta-haemolysis
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| − | **Sugar fermentation allows differentiation of ''S. equi'' from ''S. zooepidemicus'' and ''S. equisimilis''
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| − | **PCR to detect asymptomatic carriers
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| − | *Treatment and control
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| − | **Penicillin administration to in-contact animals
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| − | **Isolation of affected animals
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| − | **Quarantne in-coming animals
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| − | **Avoid overcrowding and mixing different age groups
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| − | **Disinfection of equipment
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| | ===''Streptococcus suis''=== | | ===''Streptococcus suis''=== |