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Created page with 'Causes Strangles *Epidemiology **Strangles is a highly infe…'
Causes [[Respiratory Bacterial Infections - Pathology#Strangles|Strangles]]
*Epidemiology
**[[Respiratory Bacterial Infections - Pathology#Strangles|Strangles]] is a highly infectious disease of horses caused by ''Streptococcus equi'' subsp. ''equi''
**[[Respiratory Bacterial Infections - Pathology#In Horses|upper respiratory tract disease of horses]] with fever and abscessation of regional lymph nodes
**Causes [[Nasal Cavity Inflammatory - Pathology#Strangles|rhinitis]], [[Nasopharynx Inflammatory - Pathology|pharyngitis]], lymphadenitis and [[Muscles Inflammatory - Pathology#Abscesses|myositis]]
**Outbreaks in groups of young horses
**Transmitted via purulent exudate discharging from upper respiratory tract or from lymph nodes
**Chronic, carrier state can occur with bacteria im the guttural pouch
**A mild, atypical form can occur
**''S. equi'' shed for 4 weeks beyond clinical resolution
*Clinical signs
**Incubation period 3 to 6 days
**Fever, depression, anorexia
**Purulent nasal discharge
**Swollen, painful regional lymph nodes, especially submandibular
**Abscessation and rupture of lymph nodes
**Guttural pouch empyema
**100% morbidity; 5% mortality
**Death can occur from pneumonia, breathing difficulties from swollen lymph nodes or [[Muscles Degenerative - Pathology#Ischaemia|purpura haemorrhagica]](an immune-mediated disease)
**Bastard strangle may occasionally occur, with abscessaation in many organs of the body
**''S. equi'' may be involved in [[Bacterial skin infections - Pathology#Systemic bacterial infections|cutaneous lesions]]
*Diagnosis
**Clinical signs and history
**Mucoid colonies with beta-haemolysis
**Sugar fermentation allows differentiation of ''S. equi'' from ''S. zooepidemicus'' and ''S. equisimilis''
**PCR to detect asymptomatic carriers
*Treatment and control
**Penicillin administration to in-contact animals
**Isolation of affected animals
**Quarantne in-coming animals
**Avoid overcrowding and mixing different age groups
**Disinfection of equipment
[[Category:Streptococcus species]][[Category:Horse]]
*Epidemiology
**[[Respiratory Bacterial Infections - Pathology#Strangles|Strangles]] is a highly infectious disease of horses caused by ''Streptococcus equi'' subsp. ''equi''
**[[Respiratory Bacterial Infections - Pathology#In Horses|upper respiratory tract disease of horses]] with fever and abscessation of regional lymph nodes
**Causes [[Nasal Cavity Inflammatory - Pathology#Strangles|rhinitis]], [[Nasopharynx Inflammatory - Pathology|pharyngitis]], lymphadenitis and [[Muscles Inflammatory - Pathology#Abscesses|myositis]]
**Outbreaks in groups of young horses
**Transmitted via purulent exudate discharging from upper respiratory tract or from lymph nodes
**Chronic, carrier state can occur with bacteria im the guttural pouch
**A mild, atypical form can occur
**''S. equi'' shed for 4 weeks beyond clinical resolution
*Clinical signs
**Incubation period 3 to 6 days
**Fever, depression, anorexia
**Purulent nasal discharge
**Swollen, painful regional lymph nodes, especially submandibular
**Abscessation and rupture of lymph nodes
**Guttural pouch empyema
**100% morbidity; 5% mortality
**Death can occur from pneumonia, breathing difficulties from swollen lymph nodes or [[Muscles Degenerative - Pathology#Ischaemia|purpura haemorrhagica]](an immune-mediated disease)
**Bastard strangle may occasionally occur, with abscessaation in many organs of the body
**''S. equi'' may be involved in [[Bacterial skin infections - Pathology#Systemic bacterial infections|cutaneous lesions]]
*Diagnosis
**Clinical signs and history
**Mucoid colonies with beta-haemolysis
**Sugar fermentation allows differentiation of ''S. equi'' from ''S. zooepidemicus'' and ''S. equisimilis''
**PCR to detect asymptomatic carriers
*Treatment and control
**Penicillin administration to in-contact animals
**Isolation of affected animals
**Quarantne in-coming animals
**Avoid overcrowding and mixing different age groups
**Disinfection of equipment
[[Category:Streptococcus species]][[Category:Horse]]