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* Vascular disturbances cause obstruction of efferent veins, blockage of afferent arteries or reduced blood flow through unobstructed circulation.
 
* Vascular disturbances cause obstruction of efferent veins, blockage of afferent arteries or reduced blood flow through unobstructed circulation.
 
** All have similar effects on the intestine
 
** All have similar effects on the intestine
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** 4 - 5 hours - all mucosa necrotic, sloughed.
 
** 4 - 5 hours - all mucosa necrotic, sloughed.
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== Venous Congestion ==
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==[[Intestinal Venous Congestion]] ==
 
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* Commonest cause of intestinal hypoxia
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* Usually due to strangulating lesions including intestinal displacements, intussusception etc.
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===Pathology===
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====Gross====
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* Intense oedema
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* Congestion
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* Haemorrhage
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* Eventually dark red/black discolouration of intestine.
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====Histological====
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* Transmural oedema, haemorrhage and necrosis.
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== Arterial thromboembolism ==
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==[[Intestinal Arterial Thromboembolism]] ==
    
* Non-strangulation infarction.
 
* Non-strangulation infarction.
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