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==Introduction==
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{{frontpage
 
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|pagetitle =Liver - General Pathology
*The lobed [[Liver - Anatomy & Physiology|liver]] is the largest gland in the body
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|pagebody = *The lobed [[Liver - Anatomy & Physiology|liver]] is the largest gland in the body
 
*A healthy [[Liver - Anatomy & Physiology|liver]] is dark reddish-brown in colour with a smooth rubbery texture
 
*A healthy [[Liver - Anatomy & Physiology|liver]] is dark reddish-brown in colour with a smooth rubbery texture
 
*[[Liver - Anatomy & Physiology|Liver]] lesions are common because:
 
*[[Liver - Anatomy & Physiology|Liver]] lesions are common because:
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*Although [[Liver - Anatomy & Physiology|liver]] lesions are common, they seldom produce liver failure
 
*Although [[Liver - Anatomy & Physiology|liver]] lesions are common, they seldom produce liver failure
 
*Diagnostic value because often indicates the presence and causes of disease in other organs and systems of the body
 
*Diagnostic value because often indicates the presence and causes of disease in other organs and systems of the body
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|contenttitle =Content
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|contentbody =<big><b>
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<categorytree mode=pages>Liver - General Pathology</categorytree>
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</b></big>
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|logo =
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==[[Liver Failure]]==
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==Liver failure==
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*this results from inadequate [[Liver - Anatomy & Physiology|liver]] function
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*occurs even though the [[Liver - Anatomy & Physiology|liver]] has a large functional reserve and a high regenerative capacity
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===Causes===
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*low liver mass
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**the functional reserve is depleted
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NB: [[Liver - Anatomy & Physiology|liver]] enzyme levels in blood may not be markedly raised in chronic ongoing [[Liver - Anatomy & Physiology|liver]] damage because there may be few [[Liver - Anatomy & Physiology|liver]] cells remaining to leak enyzmes
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*remodelling of the vascular and connective components after damage
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**this may lead to inadequate nutritional supply to the hepatocytes, thus reducing their function
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*impaired function of one specific or many of its diverse functions
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**eg failure of detoxification
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***aldosterone - a failure of its proper inactivation results in hypervolaemia since a feature of this hormone is to cause sodium and hence water rentention
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****this is a factor in the development of ascites
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***oestrogen - a failure of its proper inactivation will result in an accumulation of this hormone with atrophy of the genitals and an enlargement of the breasts in the male
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***plant pigments - failure to detoxify will lead to their accumulation in the tissues and photosenistisation may result if they are photodynamic
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**eg metabolic upset
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***the failing [[Liver - Anatomy & Physiology|liver]] is unable to convert ammonia to urea, resulting in a rise in the level of blood ammonia
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***lowered level of plasma albumin contributes to the development of ascites
      
===Syndromes in liver failure===
 
===Syndromes in liver failure===
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[[Hepatic Stellate Cells]]
 
[[Hepatic Stellate Cells]]
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[[Category:Liver - Pathology]]
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