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| − | ==[[Liver, Congenital Cysts]]==
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| | + | == [[Portosystemic Shunt]] == |
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| − | ==[[Liver Displacement]]==
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| − | ==[[Liver Torsion]] ==
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| − | ==[[Liver Rupture]]==
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| − | ==[[Liver Tension Lipidosis]]==
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| − | ==[[Liver Fibrosis, Capsular]] fibrosis==
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| − | == Portosystemic shunt ==
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| − | *seen in dogs and cats
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| − | *Inherited in Irish wolfhounds
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| − | **Not known what mode of inheritance in this breed
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| − | *these are vessles that allow the blood in the portal vein to bypass the [[Liver - Anatomy & Physiology|liver]] tissue (parenchyma)
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| − | *congenital
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| − | **shunting from the portal vein directly into the vena cava, azygos or renal vein
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| − | **this is the common type seen in small dogs and cats - usually a single communication between the vessels, occasionally multiple
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| − | **larger breeds tend to have the shunting to the vena cava take place within the [[Liver - Anatomy & Physiology|liver]] itself (persistent ductus venosus)
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| − | *acquired
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| − | **due to hepatic fibrosis whcih results in increased resistance of flow of blood into the [[Liver - Anatomy & Physiology|liver]] from the portal vein
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| − | **produces hypertension in the portal vein and fluid accumulates in the peritoneal cavity - '''ascites'''
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| − | **several thin-walled tortuous vessels may be seen connecting the mesenteric veins to the vena cava, and the [[Liver - Anatomy & Physiology|liver]] looks atrophic and fibrosed
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| − | *Bacteraemia is a common finding in severe hepatic disease and PSS in humans
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| − | **portal or systemic
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| − | **usually Gram-negatives
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| − | **also seen in dogs with PSS
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| − | **presumably due to reduced effectiveness of phagocytic activity in these [[Liver - Anatomy & Physiology|livers]]
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| − | **or due to shunting of blood around the liver
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| − | NB: portosystemic shunt is a major cause of hepatic encephalopathy (need link), therefore the affected animals are stunted and seem dull or stupid because of the toxic substances in their systemic circulation
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| | == Hepatic microvascular dysplasia == | | == Hepatic microvascular dysplasia == |