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| | == [[Portosystemic Shunt]] == | | == [[Portosystemic Shunt]] == |
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| − | == Hepatic microvascular dysplasia == | + | == [[Hepatic Microvascular Dysplasia]] == |
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| − | *Small intrahepatic portal vessels and portal endothelial hyperplasia which allows abnormal communication between portal and systemic circulation.
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| − | *Can develop as a separate entity or in conjunction with a portosystemic shunt.
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| − | *Can cause c/s similar to those of PSS.
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| − | *[[Control of Feeding - Anatomy & Physiology#The Vomit Reflex|Vomiting]], [[Diarrhoea|diarrhoea]], [[Urinary System - Anatomy & Physiology|urinary tract]] changes associated with ammonium biurate urolithiasis, stunted growth, prolonged recovery from anesthesia.
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| − | *Average age of presentation =3yrs.
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| − | *Mainly small dogs, esp. Yorkies
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| − | *Females>males
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| − | ===Histology===
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| − | **Arteriolarization of central veins
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| − | **smooth muscle proliferation (segmental) within the walls of central veins
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| − | **random distribution of small calibre vessels
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| − | **endothelial hyperplasia within portal triads
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| − | **dilation of periacinar vascular spaces.
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| − | **May also see decreased diameter of intrahepatic veins.
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| − | *Can’t be accurately distinguished from PSS alone.
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| − | *Seen in older dogs than PSS
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| − | *Higher MCV, serum postprandial bile acid concentrations, serum albumin and cholesterol concentrations when PSS and HMD together, compared to HMD alone.
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| | == Idiopathic noncirrhotic portal hypertension == | | == Idiopathic noncirrhotic portal hypertension == |