Author, Donkey, Bureaucrats, Administrators
53,803
edits
Changes
Jump to navigation
Jump to search
no edit summary
*Nelson, R.W. and Couto, C.G. (2009) '''Small Animal Internal Medicine (Fourth Edition)''' ''Mosby Elsevier''.
*Nelson, R.W. and Couto, C.G. (2009) '''Small Animal Internal Medicine (Fourth Edition)''' ''Mosby Elsevier''.
*Watson, P. (1997) '''Decision making in the management of portosystemic shunts''' ''In Practice'' 19;106 - 120 [http://inpractice.bvapublications.com/cgi/reprint/19/3/106?maxtoshow=&HITS=10&hits=10&RESULTFORMAT=&fulltext=portosystemic+shunt&searchid=1&FIRSTINDEX=0&sortspec=relevance&resourcetype=HWCIT]
*Watson, P. (1997) '''Decision making in the management of portosystemic shunts''' ''In Practice'' 19;106 - 120 [http://inpractice.bvapublications.com/cgi/reprint/19/3/106?maxtoshow=&HITS=10&hits=10&RESULTFORMAT=&fulltext=portosystemic+shunt&searchid=1&FIRSTINDEX=0&sortspec=relevance&resourcetype=HWCIT]
==From Pathology==
*seen in dogs and cats
*Inherited in Irish wolfhounds
**Not known what mode of inheritance in this breed
*these are vessles that allow the blood in the portal vein to bypass the [[Liver - Anatomy & Physiology|liver]] tissue (parenchyma)
*congenital
**shunting from the portal vein directly into the vena cava, azygos or renal vein
**this is the common type seen in small dogs and cats - usually a single communication between the vessels, occasionally multiple
**larger breeds tend to have the shunting to the vena cava take place within the [[Liver - Anatomy & Physiology|liver]] itself (persistent ductus venosus)
*acquired
**due to hepatic fibrosis whcih results in increased resistance of flow of blood into the [[Liver - Anatomy & Physiology|liver]] from the portal vein
**produces hypertension in the portal vein and fluid accumulates in the peritoneal cavity - '''ascites'''
**several thin-walled tortuous vessels may be seen connecting the mesenteric veins to the vena cava, and the [[Liver - Anatomy & Physiology|liver]] looks atrophic and fibrosed
*Bacteraemia is a common finding in severe hepatic disease and PSS in humans
**portal or systemic
**usually Gram-negatives
**also seen in dogs with PSS
**presumably due to reduced effectiveness of phagocytic activity in these [[Liver - Anatomy & Physiology|livers]]
**or due to shunting of blood around the liver
NB: portosystemic shunt is a major cause of hepatic encephalopathy (need link), therefore the affected animals are stunted and seem dull or stupid because of the toxic substances in their systemic circulation
[[Category:Liver_-_Developmental_Pathology]]