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| − | ====[[Liver Nematodes]]====
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| − | *
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| − | ====Cestodes====
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| − | *tapeworms
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| − | *have both intermediate and final hosts in their life cycle
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| − | *main expression in the UK are the encysted forms that utilise the [[Liver - Anatomy & Physiology|liver]] and other organs in intermediate hosts
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| − | =====Taenia hydatigena=====
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| − | *the most important species
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| − | *final host
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| − | **dog
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| − | **alimentary tract
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| − | *intermediate host
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| − | **ruminant, horse, or pig
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| − | *life cycle is completed when the carnivore eats the tissues of the intermediate host containing the cysts
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| − | *the intermediate stage - Cysticercus tennuicollis
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| − | **fluid filled cysts on the surface of the [[Liver - Anatomy & Physiology|liver]] and in the [[Peritoneal cavity - Anatomy & Physiology|peritoneal cavity]]
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| − | NB: other Taenia species have muscle and brain as preferred sites in the intermediate hosts
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| − | Some can infect humans - zoonoses
| + | ====[[Liver Cestodes]]==== |
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| − | =====Echinococcus granulosus=====
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| − | *Hydatid Disease
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| − | *final host
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| − | **dog, fox, and other canids
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| − | *intermediate host
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| − | **sheep most commonly affected
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| − | **ox and horses
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| − | NB: can also affect man - zoonosis
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| − | *'''hydatids''' - the cyst form
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| − | **develops from the ova
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| − | **occur in the lung and [[Liver - Anatomy & Physiology|liver]]
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| − | **cysts are usually multiple
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| − | **5-10cm in diameter
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| − | **contain a clear fluid with numerous scolices or '''"hydatid sand"'''
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| − | **the small calcified lesions that are sometimes present in the [[Liver - Anatomy & Physiology|liver]] of sheep may represent degenerate hydatid cysts
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| − | **can be very prevalent in some geographical areas
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| | ====Trematodes==== | | ====Trematodes==== |