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Category:Liver - Proliferative Pathology (view source)
Revision as of 14:16, 8 June 2010
, 14:16, 8 June 2010Created page with 'Especially in the dog, the liver is frequently affeced by both primary and secondary neoplasms. ==Primary tumours== *not as common as secondary …'
Especially in the dog, the [[Liver - Anatomy & Physiology|liver]] is frequently affeced by both primary and secondary neoplasms.
==Primary tumours==
*not as common as secondary tumours
*may arise from each of the four main tissues within the [[Liver - Anatomy & Physiology|liver]]
**[[Liver - Anatomy & Physiology|liver]] parenchymal cells
***hepatoma
***[[Liver - Anatomy & Physiology|liver]] cell carcinoma
**bile ducts
***cholangioma
***bile duct carcinoma
**blood vessels
***haemangioma
***haemangiosarcoma
**connective tissue
***fibroma
***sarcoma
NB: [[Liver - Anatomy & Physiology|liver]] cell tumours and malignant bile duct tumours are the two most common primary hepatic neoplasms
===Hepatocytic===
*[[Liver - Anatomy & Physiology|liver]] cell tumours are usually seen as discrete masses within the [[Liver - Anatomy & Physiology|liver]] parenchyma
*the tumour tissue is usually reddish brown in colour
*can be malignant, metastases occuring tothe local [[Lymph Nodes - Anatomy & Physiology|lymph nodes]] and lungs
====Adenoma====
*seen mostly in sheep and cattle
=====Gross=====
*a single, pale, soft, often large nodule
*well demarcated from adjacent tissue, often with a noticeable capsule
=====Microscopically=====
*normal hepatocytic appearance
*no portal tracts within the mass
*a capsule surrounds the growth
====Carcinoma====
*more in dogs and cats
=====Gross=====
*can be difficult to distinguish grossly from adenomas
*usually one single large mass and additional smaller masses (intrahepatic metastases)
*may have features of malignancy such as internal necrosis and haemorrhage
=====Microscopically=====
*can be very variable appearing as sheets or cords of neoplastic cells
*cells generally smaller with a higher nucleus to cytoplasmic ratio
===Cholangiocellular - bile duct===
====Adenoma====
*very rare
*reported in dogs and cats
====Carcinoma====
*more common
*reported in all species (mostly dogs and cats)
=====Gross=====
*usually multiple whitish umbilicated nodules that are present diffusely throughout the [[Liver - Anatomy & Physiology|liver]]
**actually look as though they were secondary tumours
*firm on cut surface
**due to fibrosis
=====Microscopically=====
*distinctly adenocarcinomatous
*ductal and acinar proliferation in abundant fibrous tissue
*sometimes papillary formations
===Haemangiosarcoma===
*can be primary in the [[Liver - Anatomy & Physiology|liver]]
*other predilection sites
**[[Spleen - Anatomy & Physiology|spleen]]
**right auricle of the heart
*prevalent in large breeds
==Secondary tumours==
*Secondary metastatic involvement of the [[Liver - Anatomy & Physiology|liver]] is very common
*in the dog, malignant pancreatic and splenic tumours commonly metastasise to the [[Liver - Anatomy & Physiology|liver]]
===Melanomas===
*uveal melanoma in the cat
===Lymphosarcoma===
*the most common secondary malignancy
*can be present as nodules or be diffuse infiltration along the portal tracts
====Gross====
*enlarged [[Liver - Anatomy & Physiology|liver]]
*turgid and friable
*many minute pale foci
*diffusely pale
====Microscopically====
*tumour cells are seen to spread diffusely through the sinusoids
===Carcinomas===
*from a variety of origins
===Sarcomas===
===Mast cell tumours===
[[Category:Liver_-_Pathology]]
==Primary tumours==
*not as common as secondary tumours
*may arise from each of the four main tissues within the [[Liver - Anatomy & Physiology|liver]]
**[[Liver - Anatomy & Physiology|liver]] parenchymal cells
***hepatoma
***[[Liver - Anatomy & Physiology|liver]] cell carcinoma
**bile ducts
***cholangioma
***bile duct carcinoma
**blood vessels
***haemangioma
***haemangiosarcoma
**connective tissue
***fibroma
***sarcoma
NB: [[Liver - Anatomy & Physiology|liver]] cell tumours and malignant bile duct tumours are the two most common primary hepatic neoplasms
===Hepatocytic===
*[[Liver - Anatomy & Physiology|liver]] cell tumours are usually seen as discrete masses within the [[Liver - Anatomy & Physiology|liver]] parenchyma
*the tumour tissue is usually reddish brown in colour
*can be malignant, metastases occuring tothe local [[Lymph Nodes - Anatomy & Physiology|lymph nodes]] and lungs
====Adenoma====
*seen mostly in sheep and cattle
=====Gross=====
*a single, pale, soft, often large nodule
*well demarcated from adjacent tissue, often with a noticeable capsule
=====Microscopically=====
*normal hepatocytic appearance
*no portal tracts within the mass
*a capsule surrounds the growth
====Carcinoma====
*more in dogs and cats
=====Gross=====
*can be difficult to distinguish grossly from adenomas
*usually one single large mass and additional smaller masses (intrahepatic metastases)
*may have features of malignancy such as internal necrosis and haemorrhage
=====Microscopically=====
*can be very variable appearing as sheets or cords of neoplastic cells
*cells generally smaller with a higher nucleus to cytoplasmic ratio
===Cholangiocellular - bile duct===
====Adenoma====
*very rare
*reported in dogs and cats
====Carcinoma====
*more common
*reported in all species (mostly dogs and cats)
=====Gross=====
*usually multiple whitish umbilicated nodules that are present diffusely throughout the [[Liver - Anatomy & Physiology|liver]]
**actually look as though they were secondary tumours
*firm on cut surface
**due to fibrosis
=====Microscopically=====
*distinctly adenocarcinomatous
*ductal and acinar proliferation in abundant fibrous tissue
*sometimes papillary formations
===Haemangiosarcoma===
*can be primary in the [[Liver - Anatomy & Physiology|liver]]
*other predilection sites
**[[Spleen - Anatomy & Physiology|spleen]]
**right auricle of the heart
*prevalent in large breeds
==Secondary tumours==
*Secondary metastatic involvement of the [[Liver - Anatomy & Physiology|liver]] is very common
*in the dog, malignant pancreatic and splenic tumours commonly metastasise to the [[Liver - Anatomy & Physiology|liver]]
===Melanomas===
*uveal melanoma in the cat
===Lymphosarcoma===
*the most common secondary malignancy
*can be present as nodules or be diffuse infiltration along the portal tracts
====Gross====
*enlarged [[Liver - Anatomy & Physiology|liver]]
*turgid and friable
*many minute pale foci
*diffusely pale
====Microscopically====
*tumour cells are seen to spread diffusely through the sinusoids
===Carcinomas===
*from a variety of origins
===Sarcomas===
===Mast cell tumours===
[[Category:Liver_-_Pathology]]