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The early signs of RAO (or chronic pulmonary obstructive disease, summer pasture-associated obstructive pulmonary disease or heaves) are often missed in donkeys as they are not usually exercised and appear to have a relatively insensitive cough reflex. There is airway sensitivity to allergens found in inhaled organic dusts, which leads to an influx of [[Neutrophils - WikiBlood|neutrophils]] into the airways, accompanied by bronchospasm and mucus accumulation.

The early signs of RAO (or chronic pulmonary obstructive disease, summer pasture-associated obstructive pulmonary disease or heaves) are often missed in donkeys as they are not usually exercised and appear to have a relatively insensitive cough reflex. There is airway sensitivity to allergens found in inhaled organic dusts, which leads to an influx of [[Neutrophils|neutrophils]] into the airways, accompanied by bronchospasm and mucus accumulation.

==Signalment==

==Signalment==