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Created page with 'Caused by Bacillus anthracis *Clinical signs: **Cattle/sheep: ***Fatal peracute septicaemia ***Animals usually found dead ***Pyrexia, depression, congested mucous membranes …'
Caused by [[Bacillus anthracis]]
*Clinical signs:
**Cattle/sheep:
***Fatal peracute septicaemia
***Animals usually found dead
***Pyrexia, depression, congested mucous membranes and petechiae before death
***Abortion, subcutaneous oedema and dysentry in animals surviving more that one day
**Pigs:
***Subacute anthrax with oedematous swelling of throat, head and regional lymph nodes
***Intestinal form with high mortality - dysentry due to haemorrhagic enteric lesions
***[[Peritonitis - Pathology#In pigs|Peritonitis]]
**Horses:
***Subacute anthrax with subcutaneous oedema of thorax, abdomen and legs following entrance of spores into abrasions
***Septicaemia with colic and dysentry due to haemorrhagic enteritis from ingestion of spores; ecchymoses and splenomegaly
**Dogs
***Rarely affected, but similar disease to that found in pigs
**Humans
***Cutaneous anthrax - localised lesion from entrance into abrasion which can cause septicaemia
***Pulmonary anthrax - inhalation of spores
***Intestinal anthrax - ingestion of infective material
*Diagnosis:
**Post mortem: bloat, incomplete rigor mortis, ecchymoses, oedema, dark unclotted blood from orifices, blooy fluid in body cavities, splenomegaly
**Blood smear from an ear or tail vein of ruminants, or peritoneal fluid from pigs stained with polychrome methylene blue
**Chains of square-ended blue rods surrounded by mauve capsules
**Culture on blood and MacConkey agar (no growth on MacConkey)
**Biochemical tests
*Treatment:
**High doses of penicillin G or oxytetracylcine
*Control:
**Report suspected cases - notifiable
**Spores destroyed by sterilisation
**Endemic regions:
***Live Sterne spore vaccine which produces toxin but has no capsule, therefore is non-pathogenic; stimulates protective antibody
***Chemoprophylaxis with long-acting penicillin
**Non-endemic regions after an outbreak:
***Movement restrictions
***Footbath with sporicidal disinfectant
***Fumigate buildings with formaldehyde
***Dispose carcases and contaminated material
***Isolate in-contact animals[[Category:To_Do_-_Clinical]]
*Clinical signs:
**Cattle/sheep:
***Fatal peracute septicaemia
***Animals usually found dead
***Pyrexia, depression, congested mucous membranes and petechiae before death
***Abortion, subcutaneous oedema and dysentry in animals surviving more that one day
**Pigs:
***Subacute anthrax with oedematous swelling of throat, head and regional lymph nodes
***Intestinal form with high mortality - dysentry due to haemorrhagic enteric lesions
***[[Peritonitis - Pathology#In pigs|Peritonitis]]
**Horses:
***Subacute anthrax with subcutaneous oedema of thorax, abdomen and legs following entrance of spores into abrasions
***Septicaemia with colic and dysentry due to haemorrhagic enteritis from ingestion of spores; ecchymoses and splenomegaly
**Dogs
***Rarely affected, but similar disease to that found in pigs
**Humans
***Cutaneous anthrax - localised lesion from entrance into abrasion which can cause septicaemia
***Pulmonary anthrax - inhalation of spores
***Intestinal anthrax - ingestion of infective material
*Diagnosis:
**Post mortem: bloat, incomplete rigor mortis, ecchymoses, oedema, dark unclotted blood from orifices, blooy fluid in body cavities, splenomegaly
**Blood smear from an ear or tail vein of ruminants, or peritoneal fluid from pigs stained with polychrome methylene blue
**Chains of square-ended blue rods surrounded by mauve capsules
**Culture on blood and MacConkey agar (no growth on MacConkey)
**Biochemical tests
*Treatment:
**High doses of penicillin G or oxytetracylcine
*Control:
**Report suspected cases - notifiable
**Spores destroyed by sterilisation
**Endemic regions:
***Live Sterne spore vaccine which produces toxin but has no capsule, therefore is non-pathogenic; stimulates protective antibody
***Chemoprophylaxis with long-acting penicillin
**Non-endemic regions after an outbreak:
***Movement restrictions
***Footbath with sporicidal disinfectant
***Fumigate buildings with formaldehyde
***Dispose carcases and contaminated material
***Isolate in-contact animals[[Category:To_Do_-_Clinical]]