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260 bytes added ,  13:43, 12 July 2010
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*'''Hydrothorax''' causing tachypnoea and dyspnoea if severe.  Dullness will be evident on thoracic percussion if a pleural effusion has developed and the heart sounds will be muffled on auscultation.
 
*'''Hydrothorax''' causing tachypnoea and dyspnoea if severe.  Dullness will be evident on thoracic percussion if a pleural effusion has developed and the heart sounds will be muffled on auscultation.
 
*'''Pericardial effusion''', which may be sufficiently severe to cause cardiac tamponade and right-sided heart failure.  The heart sounds will be muffled on auscultation and there may be hepatojugular reflux, a jugular pulse or signs of left-sided forward failure.
 
*'''Pericardial effusion''', which may be sufficiently severe to cause cardiac tamponade and right-sided heart failure.  The heart sounds will be muffled on auscultation and there may be hepatojugular reflux, a jugular pulse or signs of left-sided forward failure.
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*In large animals (horses and cattle), it is much more likely that '''ventral oedema''' will be observed in animals with liver failure (causing hypoalbuminaemia) or congestive heart failure.
    
===Diagnostic Imaging===   
 
===Diagnostic Imaging===   
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*With ascites, there is a loss of serosal detail due to the presence of fluid in the abdominal cavity.  This appearance may also occur with large abdominal masses and in emaciated animals.
 
*With ascites, there is a loss of serosal detail due to the presence of fluid in the abdominal cavity.  This appearance may also occur with large abdominal masses and in emaciated animals.
 
*With pleural effusions, the lung lobes are contracted and lobulation is evident.  Areas of peripheral radio-opacity should be evident, especially peripherally in the chest.   
 
*With pleural effusions, the lung lobes are contracted and lobulation is evident.  Areas of peripheral radio-opacity should be evident, especially peripherally in the chest.   
      
===Cytology===
 
===Cytology===
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[[Category:Effusions]]
 
[[Category:Effusions]]
 
[[Category:To_Do_-_James]]
 
[[Category:To_Do_-_James]]
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[[Category:Horse]][[Category:Cat]][[Category:Dog]][[Category:Cattle]]
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