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*Clear, colourless fluid+*Specific gravity <1.018+*Total protein < 25g/l+*Nucleated cells <0.5 x 10e9/L, of which the most common are [[Mesothelial cells|mesothelial cells]], [[Macrophages|macrophages]] and low numbers of non-degenerate neutrophils.+
===Cytology===
===Cytology===
Definitive diagnosis of the type of effusion relies on collection of a sample and subsequent cytological analysis. A refractometer is frequently used to measure the specific gravity of the fluid. The following findings would be expected for a transudate:
Definitive diagnosis of the type of effusion relies on collection of a sample and subsequent cytological analysis. A refractometer is frequently used to measure the specific gravity of the fluid. The following findings would be expected for a transudate:
−{| cellpadding="10" cellspacing="0" border="1"
−| Appearance
−| Clear, colourless fluid
−|-
+| Specific gravity
+| <1.018
+|-
+| Total protein
+| < 25g/l
+| Nucleated cells <0.5 x 10e9/L, of which the most common are [[Mesothelial cells|mesothelial cells]], [[Macrophages|macrophages]] and low numbers of non-degenerate neutrophils.
+|}
==Treatment==
==Treatment==