Changes

===Cytology===

===Cytology===

Definitive diagnosis of the type of effusion relies on collection of a sample and subsequent cytological analysis.  A refractometer is frequently used to measure the specific gravity of the fluid.  The following findings would be expected for a transudate:   

Definitive diagnosis of the type of effusion relies on collection of a sample and subsequent cytological analysis.  A refractometer is frequently used to measure the specific gravity of the fluid.  The following findings would be expected for a transudate:   

*Clear, colourless fluid

*Specific gravity <1.018

*Total protein < 25g/l

| Clear, colourless fluid

*Nucleated cells <0.5 x 10e9/L, of which the most common are [[Mesothelial cells|mesothelial cells]], [[Macrophages|macrophages]] and low numbers of non-degenerate neutrophils.

| Specific gravity

| <1.018

| Total protein

| < 25g/l

| Nucleated cells <0.5 x 10e9/L, of which the most common are [[Mesothelial cells|mesothelial cells]], [[Macrophages|macrophages]] and low numbers of non-degenerate neutrophils.

==Treatment==

==Treatment==