Changes

==Description==

==Description==

Chylous effusions are predominantly composed of chyle, the lymphatic fluid that flows through the lacteals of the small intestine and the thoracic duct in the chest.  Effusions occur when the normal flow of lymph is disrupted, either by alterations in the pressure gradient between the lymphatic and systemic venous systems or by physical disruption of the lymphatic vessels.  Chyle resembles milk and it is composed chiefly of fat globules (chylomicrons) with a high lymphocytic cellularity.  The vast majority of chylous effusions occur in the chest (producig chylothorax) but chylous ascites may occur.  The major causes of chylous effusions are:

Chylous effusions are predominantly composed of chyle, the lymphatic fluid that flows through the lacteals of the small intestine and the thoracic duct in the chest.  Effusions occur when the normal flow of lymph is disrupted, either by alterations in the pressure gradient between the lymphatic and systemic venous systems or by physical disruption of the lymphatic vessels.  Chyle resembles milk and it is composed chiefly of fat globules (chylomicrons) with a high lymphocytic cellularity.  The vast majority of chylous effusions occur in the chest (producing chylothorax) but chylous ascites may occur.  The major causes of chylous effusions are:

*Reduction of the pressure gradient from the lympahtic system to the major veins

*Reduction of the pressure gradient from the lympahtic system to the major veins

**'''Congestive heart failure''' is the major cause of chylothorax in cats

**'''Congestive heart failure''' is the major cause of chylothorax in cats

**'''Erosion of lymphatics''' by neoplasia.  The most common tumours to cause chylothorax are lymphoma, mesothelioma and tumours of the chest wall (e.g., chondrosarcomas of the ribs).

**'''Erosion of lymphatics''' by neoplasia.  The most common tumours to cause chylothorax are lymphoma, mesothelioma and tumours of the chest wall (e.g., chondrosarcomas of the ribs).

**'''Lung lobe torsion'''

**'''Lung lobe torsion'''

**'''[[Lymphangiectasia]]''' producing chylous ascites (and ascites resulting from hypoproteinaemia)

**'''[[Lymphangiectasia]]''' may rarely produce chylous ascites (and ascites resulting from hypoproteinaemia)

*'''Idiopathic''' chylothorax, especially in Afghan hounds.

*'''Idiopathic''' chylothorax may develop, especially in Afghan hounds.

==Diagnosis==

==Diagnosis==