Changes

==Clinical Disease==

==Clinical Disease==

Since adult worms are mucosal plug feeders, anaemia is not usually a feature of infection with ''U. stenocephala'' and most infections are asymptomatic.  Where clinical signs are seen, the follwoing patterns may be expected:

Since adult worms are mucosal plug feeders, anaemia is not usually a feature of infection with ''U. stenocephala'' and most infections are asymptomatic.  Where clinical signs are seen, the following patterns may be expected:

*'''[[Protein Losing Enteropathy|Protein-losing enteropathy]]''' caused by loss of protein to adults feeding in the small intestine.

*'''[[Protein Losing Enteropathy|Protein-losing enteropathy]]''' caused by loss of protein to adults feeding in the small intestine.

*'''[[Hookworm Dermatosis|Dermatitis]]''' caused by the cutaneous migration of L3 larvae that are killed before they are able to enter the blood.  Larvae which penetrate the skin rarely develop to maturity even in young naive puppies but they will cause reactions in older animals that have become sensitised by previous exposure, especially on the paws and elbows.

*'''[[Hookworm Dermatosis|Dermatitis]]''' caused by the cutaneous migration of L3 larvae that are killed before they are able to enter the blood.  Larvae which penetrate the skin rarely develop to maturity even in young naive puppies but they will cause reactions in older animals that have become sensitised by previous exposure, especially on the paws and elbows.