Changes

===Cytology===

===Cytology===

Cytology of exudate or skin scrapings  

Cytology of the exudate or skin scrapings frequently reveal larvae but biopsy is recommended because Habronema larvae commonly invade skin lesions with another underlying cause such as infectious granulomas, sarcoids and ulcerative dermatitis. 

===Biopsy===

===Biopsy===

Biopsy will reveal nodular/diffuse granulomatous dermatitis with eosinophilic infiltrates and mast cells. Necrotic foci with multiple nemotode larvae, and granulation tissue with [[Neutrophils|neutrophils]] along the ulcerated surface are also characteristic.

Biopsy will reveal nodular/diffuse granulomatous dermatitis with eosinophilic infiltrates and mast cells. Necrotic foci with multiple nemotode larvae, and granulation tissue with [[Neutrophils|neutrophils]] along the ulcerated surface are also characteristic.

Organophosphate pastes and anti-inflammatory pastes can be applied to the wound until it has healed, or the wound should be bandaged to prevent reinfestation.  

Organophosphate pastes and anti-inflammatory pastes can be applied to the wound until it has healed, or the wound should be bandaged to prevent reinfestation.  

Excessive granulation tissue should be removed surgically.

Excessive granulation tissue should be removed surgically.

Ivermectin or appropriate anthelmintics should be used to limit nematode infestation, fly control will also reduce exposure to the larvae.

Ivermectin or appropriate anthelmintics should be used to limit nematode infestation, fly control will also reduce exposure to the larvae.

[[Category:To_Do_- lizzyk]]

[[Category:To_Do_- lizzyk]]