Changes

====Horse====  

====Horse====  

Although the presentation of a horse with choke may be dramatic, it does not constitute an emergency. Affected horses often present with regurgitation of food and saliva through the nostrils. Acute onset pain may manifest through alterations in posture such as an arched neck or abducted elbows. The horse may appear anxious, grunt frequently and make repeated attempts to swallow. If the condition has become long-standing, the horse may have foetid breath.

Although the presentation of a horse with choke may be dramatic, it does not constitute an emergency. The typical sign of choke is dysphagia with regurgitation of food and saliva through the nostrils. Acute onset pain may manifest through alterations in posture such as an arched neck or abducted elbows. The horse may appear anxious, grunt frequently and make repeated attempts to swallow. If the obstruction has led to the accumulation of food material in the oesophagus, a mass may be palpable on the left ventrolateral aspect of the neck. If the condition has become long-standing, foetid breath may be apparent. If accompanied by pyrexia, this may indicate the development of aspiration pneumonia.

====Cattle====

====Cattle====

[[Image:Bovimpaction.gif|right|thumb|125px|<small><center>Impaction of a bovine oesophagus (Courtesy of Alun Williams (RVC))</center></small>]]

[[Image:Bovimpaction.gif|right|thumb|125px|<small><center>Impaction of a bovine oesophagus (Courtesy of Alun Williams (RVC))</center></small>]]

*Oesophageal obstruction in cattle is a more serious condition than in the horse. Obstruction of the oesophagus leads to failure of eructation of gases from the rumen, which may lead to bloat.  

Oesophageal obstruction in cattle is a more serious condition than in the horse. Obstruction of the oesophagus leads to failure of eructation of gases from the rumen, which may lead to bloat.  

*May eat a spherical object that obstructs the [[Oesophagus - Anatomy & Physiology|oesophagus]] mostly in anterior 1/3rd of [[Oesophagus - Anatomy & Physiology|oesophagus]] and can often be palpated in live animal.  

*May eat a spherical object that obstructs the [[Oesophagus - Anatomy & Physiology|oesophagus]] mostly in anterior 1/3rd of [[Oesophagus - Anatomy & Physiology|oesophagus]] and can often be palpated in live animal.  

*Potatoes can be a cheap source of feed and if fed whole can become stuck in [[Oesophagus - Anatomy & Physiology|oesophagus]].   

*Potatoes can be a cheap source of feed and if fed whole can become stuck in [[Oesophagus - Anatomy & Physiology|oesophagus]].