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==Overview==

==Overview==

==Pathogenesis==

==Pathogenesis==

''P.aeruginosa'' grows on few nutrients and can survive certain disinfectants. The bacteria has toxins and enzymes such as exotoxin A, phospholipase C and proteases that allow tissue invasion and damage. Elastase damages elastin in lung parenchyma and blood vessel walls. ''P.aeruginosa'' attaches to host cells via fimbrae and resists phagocytosis and complement via its LPS. It obtains iron from tissues.

''P.aeruginosa'' grows on few nutrients and can survive certain disinfectants. The bacteria has toxins and enzymes such as exotoxin A, phospholipase C and proteases that allow tissue invasion and damage. Elastase damages elastin in lung parenchyma and blood vessel walls. ''P.aeruginosa'' attaches to host cells via fimbrae and resists phagocytosis and complement via its LPS. It obtains iron from tissues.

'''Mink'''

'''Mink'''

''P.aeruginosa'' causes haemorrhagic pneumonia and septicaemia in mink with 50% mortality via a [[Haemostasis - Pathology#Secondary Thrombocytopenic Disease|secondary thrombocytopenic disease]].

''P.aeruginosa'' causes haemorrhagic pneumonia and septicaemia in mink with 50% mortality via a [[Haemostasis - Pathology#Secondary Thrombocytopenic Disease|secondary thrombocytopenic disease]].

'''Cows'''

'''Cows'''

''P.aeruginosa'' causes[[Mastitis|Bovine mastitis]] associated with contaminated water used for washing udders; also [[Metritis]], pneumonia, dermatitis and [[:Category:Intestine - Inflammatory Pathology|enteritis]] in cattle.

''P.aeruginosa'' causes[[Mastitis|Bovine mastitis]] associated with contaminated water used for washing udders; also [[Metritis]], pneumonia, dermatitis and [[:Category:Intestine - Inflammatory Pathology|enteritis]] in cattle.

'''Sheep'''

'''Sheep'''

''P.aeruginosa'' causes [[Bacterial skin infections - Pathology#Ovine fleece rot|Ovine fleece rot]], also mastitis, pneumonia and otitis media.

''P.aeruginosa'' causes [[Bacterial skin infections - Pathology#Ovine fleece rot|Ovine fleece rot]], also mastitis, pneumonia and otitis media.

'''Reptiles'''

'''Reptiles'''

''P.aeruginosa'' causes necrotic stomatitis in captive reptiles.

''P.aeruginosa'' causes necrotic stomatitis in captive reptiles.

'''Pigs'''

'''Pigs'''

''P.aeruginosa'' causes [[Diseases of the conducting airways|respiratory infections]] and otitis in pigs.

''P.aeruginosa'' causes [[Diseases of the conducting airways|respiratory infections]] and otitis in pigs.

'''Horses'''

'''Horses'''

''P.aeruginosa'' causes genital tract infections, pneumonia and ulcerative keratitis in horses.

''P.aeruginosa'' causes genital tract infections, pneumonia and ulcerative keratitis in horses.

'''Dogs and cats'''

'''Dogs and cats'''

''P.aeruginosa'' causes [[Otitis Externa - Small Animal|otitis externa]], [[Cystitis|cystitis]], pneumonia and ulcerative keratitis in dogs and cats.

''P.aeruginosa'' causes [[Otitis Externa - Small Animal|otitis externa]], [[Cystitis|cystitis]], pneumonia and ulcerative keratitis in dogs and cats.

It can also cause [[Bacterial skin infections - Pathology#Deep pyoderma|deep pyoderma]] in all species.

It can also cause [[Bacterial skin infections - Pathology#Deep pyoderma|deep pyoderma]] in all species.

Diagnosis:

==Diagnosis==

**Specimens should include pus, respiratory aspirates, mid-stream urine and ear swabs

Specimens for diagnosis should include; pus, respiratory aspirates, mid-stream urine and ear swabs. Colonies can be identified on blood and MacConkey agar and are oxidative, not fermentative. The colonies only grow in aerobic conditions and produce diffusable pigments including pyocyanin, a green pigment, and  fluorescine. On MacConkey agar, colonies have a fruity odour, are lactose negative and are pale in colour.

**Identify colonies on blood and MacConkey agar

 

**Oxidative not fermentative

==Treatment==

**Only grow in aerobic conditions

''P.aeruginosa'' bacteria have multiple antibiotic resistance, mediated by large plasmids carrying resistance genes and also chromosomal genes and mutations. Gentamicin or tobramycin with carbenicillin or ticarcillin, as well as polymyxin B are effective.

**Produces diffusable pigments including pyocyanin, a green pigment, and  fluorescine

 

**Grow on MacConkey agar; colonies have a fruity odour; lactose negative, pale colonies on MacConkey

*Treatment:

**Multiple antibiotic resistance mediated by large plasmids carrying resistance genes and also chromosomal genes and mutations

**Gentamicin or tobramycin with carbenicillin or ticarcillin, as well as polymyxin B are effective

[[Category:Pseudomonas_and_Burkholderia_species]]

[[Category:Pseudomonas_and_Burkholderia_species]]

[[Category:To_Do_-_Bacteria]]

 

[[Category:To_Do_-_AimeeHicks]]