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Created page with "==Neutrophilia== ==Neutropenia== * Neutropenia is a reduction in numbers of neutrophils circulating in the blood. * Occurs with: ** Infections caused by..."
==[[Neutrophilia]]==
==Neutropenia==
* Neutropenia is a reduction in numbers of [[Neutrophils|neutrophils]] circulating in the blood.
* Occurs with:
** Infections caused by Gram-negative organisms.
*** Cause by the effects of their endotoxins.
** Factors that destroy their formation in the [[Bone Marrow - Anatomy & Physiology|bone marrow]].
** For example
*** Radiation
*** Toxins affecting bone marrow functions
**** E.g. Bracken
*** Some viruses
**** E.g. Parvovirus and Infectious Canine Hepatitis
*** Tumours that replace or displace normal [[Bone Marrow - Anatomy & Physiology|bone marrow]].
==Eosinophilia==
* Eosinophilia an increase in numbers of eosinophils in the blood/tissues
* Occurs in:
** Parasitism or hypersensitivity.
*** The antigens of both may sensitise T-lymphocytes, and re-exposure to the agent may result in quite substantial numbers of eosinophils.
** Some breeds of dogs, e.g. German Shepherd.
*** Are prone to developing eosinophilia.
==Eosinopenia==
* Eosinopenia is a reduction in the number of eosinophils in the blood.
* Occurs as part of the response to corticosteroids;.
** Thought to be associated with the depressive effect of corticosteroids on lymphocytes.
*** Secretions of these lymphocytes are thought to stimulate eosinophil production.
==Lymphocytosis==
* Lymphocytosis is an increase in numbers of lymphocytes in the blood.
* Occurs:
** In tumours in which there is a substantial increase in their number.
*** Some of the lymphocytes are immature - lymphoblasts.
*** For example, Bovine Leukosis.
** Following adrenaline release in fear, excitement and so on.
** In some cases of chronic infection.
*** However, reactive hyperplasia in associated lymph nodes may not correlate with the numbers of circulating lymphocytes.
** Commonly in growing swine.
*** Possibly associated with aMycoplasma infection.
==Lymphopenia==
* Lymphopenia is a redcution in the numbers of lymphocytes in the blood.
* Occurs in:
** Viruses that attack the lymphoid system.
*** For example:
**** [[Paramyxoviridae#Canine Distemper Virus (CDV)|Canine Distemper]]
**** Infectious Canine Hepatitis
**** Feline Infectious Enteritis
**** Bovine Virus Diarrhoea.
** Irradiation
** Corticosteroid therapy.
*** Selectively suppresses lymphocytic activity, and the inflammatory response in general.
*** Other immunosuppressive drugs may act in a similar way.
==Plasma Cells==
* Plasma cells are rarely observed in blood.
* If many plasma cells are present in blood, it is due to a plasma cell tumour that has begun to metastasise.
==Monocytosis==
* Monocytosis -is an increase in numbers of [[Monocytes|monocytes]] (haematogenous macrophages) in the blood.
* Occurs:
** In conjunction with neutrophilia in fear, excitement etc.
** In the chronic stages of bacterial disease.
* Monocytes very rarely behave as macrophages in the blood.
** However, this is seen in cases of severe intravascular haemolysis of red blood cells where remnants of the RBC's are found in their cytoplasm.
[[Category:WikiBlood]]
==Neutropenia==
* Neutropenia is a reduction in numbers of [[Neutrophils|neutrophils]] circulating in the blood.
* Occurs with:
** Infections caused by Gram-negative organisms.
*** Cause by the effects of their endotoxins.
** Factors that destroy their formation in the [[Bone Marrow - Anatomy & Physiology|bone marrow]].
** For example
*** Radiation
*** Toxins affecting bone marrow functions
**** E.g. Bracken
*** Some viruses
**** E.g. Parvovirus and Infectious Canine Hepatitis
*** Tumours that replace or displace normal [[Bone Marrow - Anatomy & Physiology|bone marrow]].
==Eosinophilia==
* Eosinophilia an increase in numbers of eosinophils in the blood/tissues
* Occurs in:
** Parasitism or hypersensitivity.
*** The antigens of both may sensitise T-lymphocytes, and re-exposure to the agent may result in quite substantial numbers of eosinophils.
** Some breeds of dogs, e.g. German Shepherd.
*** Are prone to developing eosinophilia.
==Eosinopenia==
* Eosinopenia is a reduction in the number of eosinophils in the blood.
* Occurs as part of the response to corticosteroids;.
** Thought to be associated with the depressive effect of corticosteroids on lymphocytes.
*** Secretions of these lymphocytes are thought to stimulate eosinophil production.
==Lymphocytosis==
* Lymphocytosis is an increase in numbers of lymphocytes in the blood.
* Occurs:
** In tumours in which there is a substantial increase in their number.
*** Some of the lymphocytes are immature - lymphoblasts.
*** For example, Bovine Leukosis.
** Following adrenaline release in fear, excitement and so on.
** In some cases of chronic infection.
*** However, reactive hyperplasia in associated lymph nodes may not correlate with the numbers of circulating lymphocytes.
** Commonly in growing swine.
*** Possibly associated with aMycoplasma infection.
==Lymphopenia==
* Lymphopenia is a redcution in the numbers of lymphocytes in the blood.
* Occurs in:
** Viruses that attack the lymphoid system.
*** For example:
**** [[Paramyxoviridae#Canine Distemper Virus (CDV)|Canine Distemper]]
**** Infectious Canine Hepatitis
**** Feline Infectious Enteritis
**** Bovine Virus Diarrhoea.
** Irradiation
** Corticosteroid therapy.
*** Selectively suppresses lymphocytic activity, and the inflammatory response in general.
*** Other immunosuppressive drugs may act in a similar way.
==Plasma Cells==
* Plasma cells are rarely observed in blood.
* If many plasma cells are present in blood, it is due to a plasma cell tumour that has begun to metastasise.
==Monocytosis==
* Monocytosis -is an increase in numbers of [[Monocytes|monocytes]] (haematogenous macrophages) in the blood.
* Occurs:
** In conjunction with neutrophilia in fear, excitement etc.
** In the chronic stages of bacterial disease.
* Monocytes very rarely behave as macrophages in the blood.
** However, this is seen in cases of severe intravascular haemolysis of red blood cells where remnants of the RBC's are found in their cytoplasm.
[[Category:WikiBlood]]