Changes

Ingestion of these substances causes the disruption of the gastric mucosal barrier. This results in increased permeability, with hydrogen ions and pepsin penetrating the mucosa. An inflammatory response subsequently occurs that may damage blood vessels, resulting in the extravasation of blood and plasma into the gastric lumen. Mucosal erosions can develop due to necrosis of the mucosal epithelial cells.  

Ingestion of these substances causes the disruption of the gastric mucosal barrier. This results in increased permeability, with hydrogen ions and pepsin penetrating the mucosa. An inflammatory response subsequently occurs that may damage blood vessels, resulting in the extravasation of blood and plasma into the gastric lumen. Mucosal erosions can develop due to necrosis of the mucosal epithelial cells.  

Gastritis can cause contraction of gastric smooth muscle which causes spasms and pain. Vomiting may result from the stimulation of nerve endings that connect with the vomiting centre<ref>Nelson, R.W. and Couto, C.G. (2009) '''Small Animal Internal Medicine (Fourth Edition)''' ''Mosby Elsevier''</ref>.

Gastritis can cause contraction of gastric smooth muscle which causes spasms and pain. Vomiting is also a symptom following stimulation of nerve endings that connect with the vomiting centre.

==Signalment==

==Signalment==

   

   

Witholding food and water for 24hours is usually sufficient to control vomiting in combination with parenteral fluid therapy to avoid dehydration.

Witholding food and water for 24 hours is usually sufficient to control vomiting in combination with parenteral fluid therapy to avoid dehydration.

Small amounts of a bland diet such as boiled chicken and potato can be offered once the animal has not vomited for at least 12 hours.

Small amounts of a bland diet such as boiled chicken and potato can be offered once the animal has not vomited for at least 12 hours.

Gut protectants should be considered if the animal presents with haematemesis. Some examples of [[Gastroprotective Drugs|gastroprotective drugs]] include: Sucralfate which forms a protective barrier over the mucosal surface and also stimulates bicarbonate and mucus secretion and omeprazole which is a proton pump inhibitor that reduces gastric acid secretion.

Gut protectants should be considered if the animal presents with haematemesis. Some examples of [[Gastroprotective Drugs|gastroprotective drugs]] include sucralfate which forms a protective barrier over the mucosal surface and also stimulates bicarbonate and mucus secretion and omeprazole which is a proton pump inhibitor that reduces gastric acid secretion.

Anti-emetics should only be used when vomiting is debilitating and are resulting in pain and unsustainable fluid and electrolyte losses<ref>Hall, E.J, Simpson, J.W. and Thomas, D. (2005) '''BSAVA Manual of Canine and Feline Gastroenterology (1st Edition)''' ''BSAVA''</ref>.

Anti-emetics can be used but only if vomiting causing pain or unsustainable fluid and electrolyte losses.

==Prognosis==

==Prognosis==

==References==

==References==

 

[[Category:Stomach_and_Abomasum_-_Inflammatory_Pathology]][[Category:To_Do_-_Caz]]

[[Category:Stomach_and_Abomasum_-_Inflammatory_Pathology]][[Category:To_Do_-_Caz]]