Changes

==Clinical signs==

==Clinical signs==

There are few pathognomonic features of foreign body ingestion in the horse and an accurate and thorough history is particularly important in suspected cases. Signs may initially be gradual in onset, becoming more severe as time passes. Affected horses often present with signs of mild to moderate abdominal pain such as rolling, pawing and flank-watching. Other clinical signs may include inappetance, depression, absence or reduction in faecal output and abdominal distension.

There are few pathognomonic features of foreign body ingestion in the horse and an accurate and thorough history is particularly important in suspected cases. Affected horses often present with signs of mild to moderate abdominal pain such as rolling, pawing and flank-watching. Other clinical signs may include inappetance, depression, absence or reduction in faecal output and abdominal distension.

==Diagnosis==

==Diagnosis==

Diagnosis is usually based on history of ingestion of foreign material combined with clinical signs of abdominal pain.  

Diagnosis is usually based on history of ingestion of foreign material combined with clinical signs of abdominal pain.  

Affected horses are generally unresponsive to medical management. The foreign body may be palpable during rectal examination.

Affected horses are generally unresponsive to medical management. The foreign body may be palpable during rectal examination.

   

   

==Treatment==

==Treatment==

The treatment for intestinal foreign bodies is usually surgical removal via laparotomy. Initially, the case may be difficult to distinguish from a large colon impaction and treatment in the early stages may consist of fluid therapy and administration of laxatives such as mineral oil.  

Initially, the case may be difficult to distinguish from a large colon impaction and treatment in the early stages may consist of fluid therapy and administration of laxatives such as mineral oil. Some cases may resolve spontaneously in response to medical treatment but those that do not require surgical removal via laparotomy.

 

==Prognosis==

==Prognosis==

==References==

==References==

[[Category:Surgical Colic in the Horse]]

[[Category:Surgical Colic in the Horse]]

[[Category:To_Do_-_SophieIgnarski]]

[[Category:To_Do_-_SophieIgnarski]]