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| ===Clinical Signs=== | | ===Clinical Signs=== |
| + | Generally, the first clinical signs reported by an owner are |
| + | occasional coughing and exercise intolerance. As disease severity progresses, the cough becomes more frequent |
| + | and severely affected horses will have paroxysmal bouts |
| + | of coughing. Horses are typically afebrile, but have a progressively |
| + | elevated respiratory rate and varying amounts of |
| + | mucopurulent nasal discharge. In severe cases, signs of respiratory |
| + | distress (eg, flaring of the nostrils, audible wheezing |
| + | at the nostrils and obvious abdominal expiratory effort) |
| + | are apparent at rest. Horses that are markedly dyspnoeic |
| + | may not maintain body condition due to increased energy |
| + | expenditure caused by the increased work of breathing. |
| + | In chronic severe cases, a ‘heave’ line may develop due to |
| + | hypertrophy of the external abdominal oblique muscle. |
| + | |
| ===Diagnostis Imaging=== | | ===Diagnostis Imaging=== |
| ===Laboratory Tests=== | | ===Laboratory Tests=== |