Changes

**[[Complement]] deposited on the organism, both classic and alternative pathways.

**[[Complement]] deposited on the organism, both classic and alternative pathways.

**Fc receptors on phagocyte, bind to the antibody on bacteria.

**Fc receptors on phagocyte, bind to the antibody on bacteria.

The activation of [[Macrophages|macrophages]] occurs after exposure to microbial products or T cell-derived lymphokines. Lymphokines released during T-cell activation are often required for full activation, such as IFN-γ.

The activation of [[Macrophages|macrophages]] occurs after exposure to microbial products or T cell-derived lymphokines. Lymphokines released during T-cell activation are often required for full activation, such as IFN-γ.

Bacteria can avoid the [[Complement|complement]] reponse. Proteins can be expressed on the surface that divert the lytic complex from the cell membrane; The outer membrane can resist the lytic complex; Some bacteria have an outer membrane that inhibits complement activation and An enzyme found on the membrane of some bacteria is able to degrade complement.

Bacteria can avoid the [[Complement|complement]] reponse. Proteins can be expressed on the surface that divert the lytic complex from the cell membrane; The outer membrane can resist the lytic complex; Some bacteria have an outer membrane that inhibits complement activation and An enzyme found on the membrane of some bacteria is able to degrade complement.

Many can also avoid the phagocytic response by secreting repellants or toxins, some bacteria can inhibit [http://www.cellsalive.com/chemotx.htm| chemotaxis]. Once ingested, some bacteria inhibit lysosome fusion or proton pump action (preventing the phagocyte pH from falling), e.g. [[Mycobacterium tuberculosis|M. tuberculosis]]. Some bacteria have outer coats that inhibit phagocyte attachment and some secrete catalase which breaks down hydrogen peroxide. The release of a phenolic glycolipid by M. leprae prevents damage by free radicals. Lipoarabinomannan, released by some [[:Category:Mycobacterium|Mycobacteria]], blocks [[Macrophage|macrophage]] response to IFN-γ and infected cells can lose their ability to present antigens.

Many can also avoid the phagocytic response by secreting repellants or toxins, some bacteria can inhibit [http://www.cellsalive.com/chemotx.htm| chemotaxis]. Once ingested, some bacteria inhibit lysosome fusion or proton pump action (preventing the phagocyte pH from falling), e.g. [[Mycobacterium tuberculosis|M. tuberculosis]]. Some bacteria have outer coats that inhibit phagocyte attachment and some secrete catalase which breaks down hydrogen peroxide. The release of a phenolic glycolipid by M. leprae prevents damage by free radicals. Lipoarabinomannan, released by some Mycobacteria, blocks [[Macrophage|macrophage]] response to IFN-γ and infected cells can lose their ability to present antigens.

<big>'''Also see [[Innate Immunity to Bacteria]] and [[Adaptive Immunity to Bacteria]]'''</big>

<big>'''Also see [[Innate Immunity to Bacteria]] and [[Adaptive Immunity to Bacteria]]'''</big>

[[Category:To Do - AimeeHicks]]

[[Category:To Do - AimeeHicks]]